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EC 2.3.3.9 Details

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EC number

2.3.3.9

Accepted name

malate synthase

Reaction

acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H₂O = (S)-malate + CoA

Other name(s)

L-malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating), glyoxylate transacetylase, glyoxylate transacetase, glyoxylic transacetase, malate condensing enzyme, malate synthetase, malic synthetase, malic-condensing enzyme, acetyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)

Systematic name

acetyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-acetyltransferase [(S)-malate-forming]

CAS registry number

9013-48-3

Comment

The enzyme catalyses the irreversible condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylate to form (S)-malate. Among other functions, the enzyme participates in the glyoxylate cycle, a modified version of the TCA cycle that bypasses steps that lead to a loss of CO₂.

History

created 1961 as EC 4.1.3.2, transferred 2002 to EC 2.3.3.9

EC Tree

1 Oxidoreductases

1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors

1.2 Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

1.3 Acting on the CH-CH group of donors

1.4 Acting on the CH-NH₂ group of donors

1.5 Acting on the CH-NH group of donors

1.6 Acting on NADH or NADPH

1.7 Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors

1.9 Acting on a heme group of donors

1.10 Acting on diphenols and related substances as donors

1.11 Acting on a peroxide as acceptor

1.12 Acting on hydrogen as donor

1.13 Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)

1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

1.15 Acting on superoxide as acceptor

1.16 Oxidizing metal ions

1.17 Acting on CH or CH₂ groups

1.17.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.17.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor

1.17.3 With oxygen as acceptor

1.17.4 With a disulfide as acceptor

1.17.5 With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

1.17.7 With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

1.17.8 With a flavin as acceptor

1.17.9 With a copper protein as acceptor

1.17.98 With other, known, physiological acceptors

1.17.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

1.18 Acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

1.19 Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor

1.20 Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors

1.20.1 With NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor

1.20.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor

1.20.4 With disulfide as acceptor

1.20.9 With a copper protein as acceptor

1.20.98 With other, known, physiological acceptors

1.20.99 With unknown physiological acceptors

1.20.99.1 arsenate reductase (donor)

1.21 Catalysing the reaction X-H + Y-H = X-Y

1.22 Acting on halogen in donors

1.23 Reducing C-O-C group as acceptor

1.97 Other oxidoreductases

1.98 Enzymes using H₂ as reductant (deleted subclass)

1.99 Other enzymes using O₂ as oxidant (deleted subclass)

2.1 Transferring one-carbon groups

2.2 Transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups

2.3 Acyltransferases

2.3.1 Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups

2.3.2 Aminoacyltransferases

2.3.3 Acyl groups converted into alkyl groups on transfer

2.3.3.1 citrate (Si)-synthase

2.3.3.2 decylcitrate synthase

2.3.3.3 citrate (Re)-synthase

2.3.3.4 decylhomocitrate synthase

2.3.3.5 2-methylcitrate synthase

2.3.3.6 2-ethylmalate synthase

2.3.3.7 3-ethylmalate synthase

2.3.3.8 ATP citrate synthase

2.3.3.9 malate synthase

2.3.3.10 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

2.3.3.11 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase

2.3.3.12 3-propylmalate synthase

2.3.3.13 2-isopropylmalate synthase

2.3.3.14 homocitrate synthase

2.3.3.15 sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase

2.3.3.16 citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)

2.3.3.17 methylthioalkylmalate synthase

2.3.3.18 2-phosphinomethylmalate synthase

2.3.3.19 2-phosphonomethylmalate synthase

2.3.3.20 acyl-CoA:acyl-CoA alkyltransferase

2.3.3.21 (R)-citramalate synthase

2.4 Glycosyltransferases

2.5 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups

2.6 Transferring nitrogenous groups

2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups

2.8 Transferring sulfur-containing groups

2.9 Transferring selenium-containing groups

2.10 Transferring molybdenum- or tungsten-containing groups

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)