EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
    3.5.4.4 | adenosine deaminase |
diagnostics |
adenosine deaminase activity is significantly higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma than in controls. The marker adenosine deaminase might be potentially important as an additional biochemical tool for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma |
| 3.5.4.4 | adenosine deaminase |
diagnostics |
analysis of adenosine deaminase in saliva could be used as a simple, rapid, economic and non-invasive diagnostic tool in porcine production in field conditions |
| 3.5.4.5 | cytidine deaminase |
diagnostics |
evaluation of CDA genotype may be helpful in screening patients before treatment, in order to identify subjects with slower CDA-mediated gemcitabine metabolism |
| 3.6.1.2 | trimetaphosphatase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a cytochemical marker for lysosomes |
| 3.6.1.23 | dUTP diphosphatase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be a biomarker for exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine exposure since the compound leads to release of the enzyme, besides other proteins, to the extracellular compartment from amnion epithelial cells, overview |
| 3.6.4.B7 | RadA recombinase |
diagnostics |
the RadA protein proves to be useful in allelic discrimination assay of HADHA gene associated with long-chain 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency that in infancy may lead to hypotonia, serious heart and liver problems and even sudden death |
| 3.10.1.1 | N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase |
diagnostics |
a fluorimetric SGSH activity assay is commonly used to examine cells of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA patients for N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase activity, modification of the method for brain homogenates and definition of the parameters for assay linearity, overview |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
GAD-involving latent autoimmune type 1 diabetes can be distinguished from type 2 diabetes by detection of anti-GAD antibodies, oerview |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
GAD65 is a predictive marker for the insulin depletion in diabetes mellitus |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a potential important marker for the prediction and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is useful in diagnostics of type I diabetes mellitus, detection of autoantibodies by RSR-ELISA with Ca2+-free plasma samples, method development, overview |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
type 1 diabetes, T1D, patients and Stiff Person Syndrome, SPS, patients show a specific lack of anti-Ids to disease-associated GAD65Ab epitopes, autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase 65 are a major characteristic for type 1 diabetes and and Stiff PersonSyndrome patients |
| 4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a rate-limiting enzyme for GABA synthesis and used as a reliable marker for inhibitory interneurons. There are differences in the distribution of inhibitory neurons according to the layer in the hippocampus. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in the dog CA1 region are markedly decreased in the strata pyramidale and radiatum in aged dogs |
| 4.1.1.17 | ornithine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 1 of the ODC gene serves as genetic marker for colon cancer |
| 4.1.1.17 | ornithine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
ODC can be useful in gene diagnosis and gene therapy of cancers, since some chemotherapeutic agents aim at reducing ODC expression and show inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth |
| 4.1.1.17 | ornithine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
ODC may be used as a good biomarker in the screening and diagnosis of precancerous lesions |
| 4.1.1.17 | ornithine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
the naturally occuring ODC G316A genotype is prognostic for colorectal adenoma recurrence and predicts efficacy of aspirin chemoprevention |
| 4.1.1.17 | ornithine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
ODC1 expression is associated with worse overall survival and increased recurrence in three endometrial cancer gene expression datasets |
| 4.1.1.22 | histidine decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
HDC can be used as an immunohistochemical marker for the detection of immature neoplastic mast cells in patients with mast cell-proliferative disorders |
| 4.1.1.37 | uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase |
diagnostics |
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity has a high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating the 2 Porphyria cutanea tarda types, the sporadic (sPCT) and familial (fPCT) forms, which are generally clinically indistinguishable, a model that takes into account both clinical information and laboratory test results can be used to predict fPCT |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
diagnostics |
for patients with colorectal cancer mRNA expression is a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival and for overall survival |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
diagnostics |
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is an immunogenic surface target useful for the detection of Listeria genus. Listeria monocytogenes is a major public health concern and a potential economic burden regarding food industry |
| 4.2.1.1 | carbonic anhydrase |
diagnostics |
activity of carbonic anhydrase is significantly lower in patients with renal cell carcinoma than in controls. The marker carbonic anhydrase might be potentially important as an additional biochemical tool for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma |
| 4.2.1.22 | cystathionine beta-synthase |
diagnostics |
the mutations present in each country differ from each other depending on the demographic profile. Therefore, specific mutations scanning must be performed in each population for diagnosis and prognosis purposes |
| 4.2.1.22 | cystathionine beta-synthase |
diagnostics |
evaluation of plasma cystathionine beta-synthase activity in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient patients for utilization of the assay in diagnosis and study of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency |
| 4.2.1.24 | porphobilinogen synthase |
diagnostics |
the DELTA-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase test of blood is valid and representative for low-level as well as long-term exposure to lead. The test might be applicable to diagnostic purposes and screening of the population having been exposed to low-level lead over a long-term period |
| 4.2.1.24 | porphobilinogen synthase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme activity is a diagnostic marker for the clinical diagnosis of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase-deficient porphyria, a rare enzymatic deficiency of the heme biosynthetic pathway |
| 4.2.1.123 | tetrahymanol synthase |
diagnostics |
tetrahymanol is a polycyclic triterpenoid lipid in the Tetrahymena ciliates. The diagenetic product, gammacerane, is often used as a biomarker for water column stratification in ancient ecosystems |
| 4.2.99.18 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase |
diagnostics |
APE1/Ref-1 expression levels together with subcellular dysregulation may be predictive markers to indicate the tumor sensitivity toward radiotherapy or chemotherapy |
| 4.3.1.4 | formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase |
diagnostics |
putative biomarker, FTCD is useful to distinguish early hepatocellular carcinoma from benign tumors such as regenerative nodule or focal nodular hyperplasia |
| 4.3.2.1 | argininosuccinate lyase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme may be used as a candidate marker for serodiagnosis of brucellosis |
| 4.3.2.1 | argininosuccinate lyase |
diagnostics |
the urea cycle metabolite argininosuccinate is a common metabolic biomarker of FH deficiency |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
diagnostics |
CT and GA polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region of the GC-A gene might be useful as susceptibility marker for hypertension |
| 4.6.1.18 | pancreatic ribonuclease |
diagnostics |
increased N-glycosylation of Asn88 in serum pancreatic ribonuclease 1 is a diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Development of an assay to specifically detect unglycosylated Asn88 in denatured RNase1, overview |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
diagnostics |
mutations in the ferrochelatase gene are not responsible for palmoplantar skin phenotype observed in erythrokeratolysis hiemalis et estivalis of three unrelated Dutch Caucasian patients |
| 4.98.1.1 | protoporphyrin ferrochelatase |
diagnostics |
partial defiency of the last enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway (namely ferrochelatase) in humans is responsible for erythropoietic protoporphyria |
| 5.1.1.10 | amino-acid racemase |
diagnostics |
broad-specificity amino acid racemase is a non-antibiotic selectable marker for transgenic plants and can be used in the development of genetically modified plants without using antibiotic resistance marker genes. Selection with different amino acid enantiomers using Bsar, Bsar-R174A and Bsar-R174K gene as selectable markers, overview |
| 5.1.3.17 | heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase |
diagnostics |
GLCE upregulation plus expression pattern of a panel of six genes, discriminating morphologically different prostate cancer cell subtypes, is a potential marker of aggressive prostate cancer |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used as a marker in the differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma and as a molecular marker for prostate carcinoma |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a biomarker overexpressed in prostate carcinomas and is associated with prostate cancer progression |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a marker for prostate and renal cancer |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a tool in the diagnosis of morphologically difficult prostatic carcinoma and is used in combination with the basal cell markers p63 and 34betaE12, the enzyme might also be useful in diagnostics of extramammary Paget disease, EMPD |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is useful for detection of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
AMACR is established as a valuable diagnostic marker for prostate cancer and has shown to be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
biomarker for cancer in prostate, breast, colon, renal and other cancer cells |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
combined AMACR/p53 analysis to identify dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
cytokeratin 5/6 and AMACR applied as double sequential immunostains for diagnostic assessment of problematic prostate specimens |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the elevated expression of the P504S gene and its enzyme product can serve as a molecular marker for prostate cancer |
| 5.1.99.4 | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and also as a marker for other neoplasms, including those of the genitourinary system, breast, upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and their precursor lesions |
| 5.3.1.1 | triose-phosphate isomerase |
diagnostics |
triosephosphate isomerase is a serum marker for human lung squamous cell carcinoma |
| 5.3.4.1 | protein disulfide-isomerase |
diagnostics |
the absence of PDIp expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma may serve as an additional biomarker for pancreatic cancer |
| 5.3.4.1 | protein disulfide-isomerase |
diagnostics |
lung cancer patients with high Srx levels have significantly shorter survival and those with high TXNDC5 levels have longer survival. Cellular levels of Srx and TXNDC5 may be useful as biomarkers to predict the survival of individuals with lung cancer |
| 5.6.1.2 | dynein ATPase |
diagnostics |
the straightforward dynein-ATPase assay can be used to obtain data of functional interest in clinical or experimental settings, to test the effect of new drugs that could inhibit dynein-ATPase actitivty and therefor sperm motility |
| 5.6.2.1 | DNA topoisomerase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme hTopI is a biomarker for camptothecin-based therapy at direct determination of the drug response level |
| 5.6.2.2 | DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) |
diagnostics |
topoisomerase IIbeta acts as an additional biomarker in DNA repair and aging in cerebellar granule neurons, overview |
| 5.6.2.3 | DNA 5'-3' helicase |
diagnostics |
DNA helicase HELQ is a marker for ovarian cancer |
| 6.1.1.3 | threonine-tRNA ligase |
diagnostics |
enzyme TARS is a regulator of the tumor microenvironment and possible target for diagnosis and/or treatment in ovarian cancer. The enzyme has a potential value as an ovarian cancer diagnostic |
| 6.1.1.6 | lysine-tRNA ligase |
diagnostics |
LysRS s207 phosphorylation plays a role as a prognostic factor in lung cancer after primary surgery |
| 6.3.1.2 | glutamine synthetase |
diagnostics |
glutamine synthetase is a useful marker in tumour liver pathology, including hepatocellular adenomas and nodules in cirrhosis. Enzyme overexpression in focal nodular hyperplasia can be used as easy diagnostic tool in surgical pathology |
| 6.3.4.6 | urea carboxylase |
diagnostics |
enzymatic assay for measurement of serum urea nitrogen using urea amidolyase |
| 6.3.4.10 | biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)] ligase |
diagnostics |
the HCS assay using rat liver apopropionyl-CoA carboxylase as substrate is useful for enzymatic diagnosis of HCS deficiency |
| 6.3.4.15 | biotin-[biotin carboxyl-carrier protein] ligase |
diagnostics |
BirA can be useful for specific in vivo labeling of proteins in cell cultures by biotinylation |
| 7.6.2.2 | ABC-type xenobiotic transporter |
diagnostics |
in patients with neuroblastoma, increased MRP4 expression has prognostic value |
