Literature summary for 1.1.1.40 extracted from

Watson-Lazowski, A.; Papanicolaou, A.; Sharwood, R.; Ghannoum, O.
Investigating the NAD-ME biochemical pathway within C4 grasses using transcript and amino acid variation in C4 photosynthetic genes (2018), Photosynth. Res., 138, 233-248.

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Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
chloroplast	-	Echinochloa frumentacea	9507	-
chloroplast	-	Janochloa antidotale	9507	-
chloroplast	-	Axonopus fissifolius	9507	-
chloroplast	-	Sorghum bicolor	9507	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
(S)-malate + NADP+	Echinochloa frumentacea	-	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	Janochloa antidotale	-	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	Axonopus fissifolius	-	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	Sorghum bicolor	-	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	Echinochloa frumentacea	-	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	Janochloa antidotale	-	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	Axonopus fissifolius	-	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	Sorghum bicolor	-	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Axonopus fissifolius	-	-	-
Echinochloa frumentacea	-	-	-
Janochloa antidotale	-	-	-
Sorghum bicolor	-	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
mesophyll	-	Echinochloa frumentacea	-
mesophyll	-	Janochloa antidotale	-
mesophyll	-	Axonopus fissifolius	-
mesophyll	-	Sorghum bicolor	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
(S)-malate + NADP+	-	Echinochloa frumentacea	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	-	Janochloa antidotale	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	-	Axonopus fissifolius	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
(S)-malate + NADP+	-	Sorghum bicolor	pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	Echinochloa frumentacea	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	Janochloa antidotale	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	Axonopus fissifolius	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+	-	Sorghum bicolor	(S)-malate + NADP+	-	r

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase	-	Echinochloa frumentacea
NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase	-	Janochloa antidotale
NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase	-	Axonopus fissifolius
NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase	-	Sorghum bicolor
NADP-malic enzyme	-	Echinochloa frumentacea
NADP-malic enzyme	-	Janochloa antidotale
NADP-malic enzyme	-	Axonopus fissifolius
NADP-malic enzyme	-	Sorghum bicolor
NADP-MDH	-	Echinochloa frumentacea
NADP-MDH	-	Janochloa antidotale
NADP-MDH	-	Axonopus fissifolius
NADP-MDH	-	Sorghum bicolor

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADP+	-	Echinochloa frumentacea
NADP+	-	Janochloa antidotale
NADP+	-	Axonopus fissifolius
NADP+	-	Sorghum bicolor
NADPH	-	Echinochloa frumentacea
NADPH	-	Janochloa antidotale
NADPH	-	Axonopus fissifolius
NADPH	-	Sorghum bicolor

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Release 2026.1 (March 2026)