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Information on EC 1.2.1.42 - hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.2.1.42
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.2 Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
1.2.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
1.2.1.42 hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
IUBMB Comments
Also acts, more slowly, on octadecanoyl-CoA.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
- 1.2.1.42
- acyl-coas
- photobacterium
- harveyi
- phosphoreum
- fischeri
-
tetradecanoic
- marinobacter
-
luxcde
- 1-hexadecanol
- luxab
- leiognathi
-
luciferase-catalyzed
- jojoba
-
acyl-protein
- aquaeolei
showSynonyms
fatty acid reductase, fatty acyl-coa reductase, atfar2, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
dehydrogenase, hexadecanal (acylating)
-
-
-
-
FAR
FAR1
FAR2
FAR6
fatty acyl-CoA reductase
fatty acyl-CoA reductase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+ = hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
also acts, more slowly, on octadecanoyl-CoA
-
hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+ = hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
hexadecanal:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
Also acts, more slowly, on octadecanoyl-CoA.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
72561-01-4
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
a fatty acyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
a fatty aldehyde + CoA + 2 NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
arachidonoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
arachidonic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 86% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
butanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
butanal + CoA + NAD+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
cis-11-hexadecenal + CoA + NADP+
(E)-hexadec-11-enoyl-CoA + NADPh + H+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
decanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
decanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: 2.5% of activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
dodecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: 33% of activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
dodecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 26% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
eicosanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
eicosanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: 2.5% of activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
heptadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
heptadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH
hexadecanal + NAD+ + CoA
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Substrates: reduction of NAD+ is at most 5% of the rate of NADH oxidoreduction, the enzyme is primarily a reductase and not an aldehyde dehydrogenase
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
octadecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
octadecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: 44% of activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADH
octadecanal + NAD+ + CoA
-
Substrates: slowly, octadecanoyl-CoA is identical with stearoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
octanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 9% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
oleoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
oleic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 78% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
palmitoleoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
palmitoleic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 99% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
tetradecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
[hexadecanoyl]-acyl carrier protein + NADPH + H+
?
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
docosanoyl-CoA + NADPH
docosanal + NADP+
-
Substrates: 12.7% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
docosanoyl-CoA + NADPH
docosanal + NADP+
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Substrates: 12.7% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
eicosanoyl-CoA + NADPH
eicosanal + NADP+
-
Substrates: 7.8% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
eicosanoyl-CoA + NADPH
eicosanal + NADP+
-
Substrates: 7.8% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
hexadecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: 90% of activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
hexadecanal + NAD(P)+
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Substrates: NADH gives almost 60% of the activity obtained with NADPH, after palmitoyl-CoA affinity column purification enzyme is absolutely dependent on NADPH as cofactor
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
hexadecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H
hexadecanal + NAD(P)+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 100% activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Substrates: highest activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 24% conversion efficiency
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 77.2% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 77.2% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 69% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 65.1% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 65.1% of activity with hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate, 34% conversion efficiency
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 60% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is highly active with hexadecanoyl-CoA and shows lower activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA or octadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no products are detected when using C18:1-CoA, 2-methyl-16:0-CoA, 2-methyl-18:0-CoA or C16:0 free fatty acid as substrates
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: Arabidopsis thaliana AtFAR2 has the ability to use both, C16:0-ACP and C16:0-CoA substrates for the production of C16:0- alcohol, purified enzyme AtFAR2 is specific for acyl-ACP substrates, AtFAR2 shows the highest activity towards C16:0-CoA, approximately 11times higher in comparison to the activity towards C18:0-CoA. AtFAR2 displays a very low activity with C18:1-CoA, and application of C14:0-CoA as a substrate generates only aldehyde and free fatty acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: Arabidopsis thaliana AtFAR2 has the ability to use both, C16:0-ACP and C16:0-CoA substrates for the production of C16:0- alcohol, purified enzyme AtFAR2 is specific for acyl-ACP substrates, AtFAR2 shows the highest activity towards C16:0-CoA, approximately 11times higher in comparison to the activity towards C18:0-CoA. AtFAR2 displays a very low activity with C18:1-CoA, and application of C14:0-CoA as a substrate generates only aldehyde and free fatty acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is highly active with hexadecanoyl-CoA and shows lower activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA or octadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: the enzyme exhibits no detectable reduction with free fatty acids, less than 1% activity with acetaldehyde and propanal
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: substrate chain length specificity of the enzyme is C2-C12, highest activity with C12 substrate, overview. The overall activity of the enzyme is low compared to other PduP enzymes
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
a fatty acyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
a fatty aldehyde + CoA + 2 NADP+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
arachidonoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
arachidonic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 86% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
butanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
butanal + CoA + NAD+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
cis-11-hexadecenal + CoA + NADP+
(E)-hexadec-11-enoyl-CoA + NADPh + H+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
dodecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 26% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
heptadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
heptadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
octanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 9% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
oleoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
oleic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 78% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
palmitoleoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
palmitoleic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 99% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
[hexadecanoyl]-acyl carrier protein + NADPH + H+
?
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-methyl-1-hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
2-methyl-1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 100% activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
1-hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
hexadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: 24% conversion efficiency
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
octadecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 69% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
-
Substrates: preferred substrate, 34% conversion efficiency
Products: -
Products: -
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
tetradecanal + CoA + NADP+
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: 60% activity compared to hexadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is highly active with hexadecanoyl-CoA and shows lower activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA or octadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no products are detected when using C18:1-CoA, 2-methyl-16:0-CoA, 2-methyl-18:0-CoA or C16:0 free fatty acid as substrates
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is highly active with hexadecanoyl-CoA and shows lower activity with tetradecanoyl-CoA or octadecanoyl-CoA
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Marinobacter nauticus
-
Substrates: the enzyme exhibits no detectable reduction with free fatty acids, less than 1% activity with acetaldehyde and propanal
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD(P)H
-
after palmitoyl-CoA affinity column purification enzyme is absolutely dependent on NADPH as cofactor
NAD(P)H
-
NADPH is prefered for alcohol formation, NADH is prefered for aldehyde formation
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
bovine serum albumin
-
addition of BSA into assays with 0.02 mM acyl-CoA gives about 5fold higher enzyme activity
-
bovine serum albumin
-
addition of BSA into assays with 0.02 mM acyl-CoA gives about 5fold higher enzyme activity
-
bovine serum albumin
-
addition of 0.016 mM BSA into assays with 0.02 mM acyl-CoA gives about 5fold higher enzyme activity
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00146
[hexadecanoyl]-acyl carrier protein
-
in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at 30°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.057
additional information
-
20.0 light emission units/mg after 4 min incubation in luciferase coupled assay
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.5
additional information
additional information
low activity with alcohols and free fatty acids occurs at above pH 9.0
additional information
-
low activity with alcohols and free fatty acids occurs at above pH 9.0
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.5 - 9
6.5 - 9
Marinobacter nauticus
-
optimal activity is at pH 7.0, with activity falling dramatically below pH 6.5 and above 9.0
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
enzyme AtFAR2 is targeted to chloroplasts
brenda