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additional information
substrate/product analysis using anion exchange chromatography on an acid- and hydroxide-stable quaternary amine functionalized latex, substrate docking calculations, resolvement and measurement of diphosphoinositol phosphates beside lower inositol phosphates without the use of radiolabel, method, overview. Modeling of the binding of the enantiomers Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 to ITPK1. Significant interaction of the 4-phosphate of Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 and of the 6-phosphate of the Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 in site F. The respective 1- and 3-phosphates of Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 make contacts in site C. These subsites are likely determinants of the reactivity of ITPK1
evolution
Arabidopsis thaliana ITPK1, belongs to a class of enzyme that has been shown to possess 1-, 5- and 6-hydroxykinase and (InsP6) 5-phosphokinase activities
evolution
OsITPK6 belongs to subgroup III, with 12 exons and 11 introns, of the OsITPK gene family. ITPK6 is a unique gene in the ITPK gene family
malfunction
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generation of a mouse strain harboring a beta-galactosidase gene trap cassette in the second intron of the Itpk1 gene leads to animals, homozygous for this gene trap, which are viable, fertile, they produce less ITPK1 protein than wild-type and heterozygous animals, embryos resulting from homozygous matings uncovered neural tube defects in some animals and axial skeletal defects or growth retardation in others
malfunction
loss of this gene in itpk3-1 does neither affect phytate seed levels, nor seed Zn, Fe, and Mn but the micronutrient bioavailability is strongly reduced by seed phytate that forms complexes with seed cations. Low seed zinc is primarily caused by plant growth in Zn-deficient soil
malfunction
the epidermis structure of seed coat is irregularly formed in seeds of itpk2-1 mutant, resulting in the increased permeability of seed coat to tetrazolium salts. The cell wall shows a dramatic decrease in composition of suberin and cutin, which relate to the permeability of seed coat and the formation of which is accompanied with seed coat development. ITPK2 deficiency results in the distorted seed coat and crumpled columellas. Seed coat of itpk2-1 mutant presents high permeability to 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium and has less mucilage
malfunction
although both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants exhibit decreased levels of InsP6 (phytate) and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5, InsP7), disruption of another ITPK family enzyme, ITPK4, which correspondingly causes depletion of InsP6 and InsP7, does not display similar phosphate-related phenotypes, which precludes these InsP species from being effectors. Notably, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is concurrently elevated in both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants, which demonstrates a specific correlation with the misregulated phosphate phenotypes. The level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is not responsive to phosphate starvation that instead manifests a shoot-specific increase in the InsP7 level. ITPK1 overexpression significantly decreases phosphate uptake activity, in contrast to the elevated uptake activity shown by itpk1 mutants. In addition, several PSR genes are downregulated in ITPK1-overexpressing lines compared with the wild-type (e.g. PHT1:2, SPX1, AT4, IPS1 and PAP17)
malfunction
mutation of OsITPK6 not only significantly reduces the accumulation of IP6 in rice grains but also impairs plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stress. Nucleotide substitutions of gene OsITPK6 can significantly lower the phytic acid content in rice grains. Impact of ositpk6 mutations on plant growth and seed germination, panicle phenotype of mutant OsITPK6 and wild-type plants, overview. There is no significant difference in the number of leaves and roots with or without stress treatment between ositpk6_1 and wild-type
malfunction
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loss of this gene in itpk3-1 does neither affect phytate seed levels, nor seed Zn, Fe, and Mn but the micronutrient bioavailability is strongly reduced by seed phytate that forms complexes with seed cations. Low seed zinc is primarily caused by plant growth in Zn-deficient soil
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malfunction
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generation of a mouse strain harboring a beta-galactosidase gene trap cassette in the second intron of the Itpk1 gene leads to animals, homozygous for this gene trap, which are viable, fertile, they produce less ITPK1 protein than wild-type and heterozygous animals, embryos resulting from homozygous matings uncovered neural tube defects in some animals and axial skeletal defects or growth retardation in others
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metabolism
measurement of Fe, Zn, and Mn concentrations in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown in Zn-deficient and Zn-amended conditions, overview. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 3 gene (ITPK3), located close to a significant nucleotide polymorphism associated with relative Zn seed concentrations, is dispensable for seed micronutrients accumulation in ecotype Col-0
metabolism
inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 (ITPK1, EC 2.7.1.134) and inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1, EC 2.7.1.158) comprise a reversible metabolic cassette converting Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 into 5-InsP7 and back in a nucleotide-dependent manner. Ability of Arabidopsis inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 to discriminate between symmetric and enantiomeric substrates in the production of diverse symmetric and asymmetric myo-inositol phosphate and diphospho-myo-inositol phosphate (inositol pyrophosphate) products
metabolism
the kinase activity of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1) is required for phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) synthesis, and is indispensable for maintaining phosphate homeostasis under phosphate-replete conditions. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 (ITPK1) plays an equivalent role. Genetic dissection of the roles for InsP and PP-InsP biosynthesis enzymes in regulation of phosphate homeostasis, overview
metabolism
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measurement of Fe, Zn, and Mn concentrations in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown in Zn-deficient and Zn-amended conditions, overview. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 3 gene (ITPK3), located close to a significant nucleotide polymorphism associated with relative Zn seed concentrations, is dispensable for seed micronutrients accumulation in ecotype Col-0
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physiological function
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key regulatory enzyme at the branch point for the synthesis of inositol hexakisphosphate, an intracellular signaling molecule implicated in the regulation of ion channels, endocytosis, exocytosis, transcription, DNA repair, and RNA export from the nucleus
physiological function
enzyme ITPK2 plays an essential role in seed coat development and lipid polyester barrier formation
physiological function
the enzyme is required for phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) synthesis and involved in maintaining phosphate homeostasis under phosphate-replete conditions
physiological function
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key regulatory enzyme at the branch point for the synthesis of inositol hexakisphosphate, an intracellular signaling molecule implicated in the regulation of ion channels, endocytosis, exocytosis, transcription, DNA repair, and RNA export from the nucleus
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