1.1.1.21	aldose reductase	diagnostics	AKR1B10 may have a potential role as a tumor marker	
1.1.1.25	shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP+)	diagnostics	shikimate dehydrogenase alleles can act as potential markers for flowering phenology in Pinus sylvestris. The ShDH A locus might be considered as isoenzymatic marker that differentiates these flowering groups of Scots pine clones. At several isozyme and DNA loci, the presence of private alleles in each group of pines is observed, but these alleles cannot serve as markers of Scots pine flowering time because of their low frequencies	
1.1.1.26	glyoxylate reductase	diagnostics	enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase is a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Patients with negative GRHPR both in tumor tissues and nontumoral tissues have a significantly shorter survival time than those with positive GRHPR. Multivariate analysis establishes that GRHPR is detected in nontumoral tissues as an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, overview	
1.1.1.27	L-lactate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme is useful as marker for endometrial carcinoma	
1.1.1.27	L-lactate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	LDH levels might serve as a significant prognostic factor in high-risk patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a predictive factor associated with the response and survival benefit of the mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) inhibitor temsirolimus. LDH is one of the risk factors included in the international prognostic index (IPI) and it is considered a strong predictor of survival of patients with aggressive lymphoid cancers. Serum LDH level inversely correlates with the survival of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and allows the selection of very high-risk patients. Serum LDH might be a useful marker for predicting global clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib). The determination of serum LDH levels appears to be a helpful clinical tool also in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and in the control of androgenic treatment	
1.1.1.27	L-lactate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	low LDH affinity kinetics can be a diagnostic parameter for human breast cancer	
1.1.1.28	D-lactate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme is useful for selective determination of D,L-lactic acid in wines using peroxidase-based biosensors, method optimization, overview	
1.1.1.30	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme is a useful marker in the assay of diabetes mellitus and/or ketoacidosis	
1.1.1.35	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme can be used as marker for early immunonological detection of infection by Leptospira in urine and of leptospirosis, a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira	
1.1.1.37	malate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme can be used in a biosensor for malic acid detection in fruit juices, based on malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in a powder vitreous carbon, carbon nanotubes and mineral oil, composite matrix	
1.1.1.41	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)	diagnostics	enzyme NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase cann act as a mitochondrial marker in asthenozoospermia	
1.1.1.42	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)	diagnostics	IDH1 codon 132 mutation is an important prognostic biomarker in gliomas. IDH1 mutation predicts outcome in grade 2, 3, and 4 gliomas	
1.1.1.42	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)	diagnostics	IDH1 mutational analysis can serve as a useful diagnostic marker of a glioma	
1.1.1.47	glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]	diagnostics	enzyme can be used for glucose determination	
1.1.1.47	glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]	diagnostics	usage for quantitative determination of glucose in clinical tests and in the food industry	
1.1.1.47	glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]	diagnostics	the enzyme can be a potential diagnostic reagent for blood glucose measurement	
1.1.1.51	3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase	diagnostics	a high HSD17B1 to HSD17B2 ratio, as well as high HSD17B1 on its own is associated with worse prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in patients with ERalpha-positive tumors. An increased copy number of the HSD17B1 gene is correlated with decreased breast cancer survival	
1.1.1.62	17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	17beta-HSD1 is highly expressed in breast and ovary tissues and represents a prognostic marker for the tumor progression and survival of patients with breast cancer and other estrogen-dependent tumors	
1.1.1.62	17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	a high HSD17B1 to HSD17B2 ratio, as well as high HSD17B1 on its own is associated with worse prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in patients with ERalpha-positive tumors. An increased copy number of the HSD17B1 gene is correlated with decreased breast cancer survival	
1.1.1.62	17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the expression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 alone and in combination predicts outcome of patients with breast cancer	
1.1.1.62	17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the mouse monoclonal antibody for AKR1C3, 10B10, is highly specific and sensitive for detecting AKR1C3 expression including patient samples. The proper detection of AKR1C3 expression is critical for therapeutics targeting AKR1C3, 10B10 will be a valuable tool in clinic for AKR1C3 precision therapy. 10B10 is specific to AKR1C3 protein and has a very low cross-activity against other AKR1 proteins	
1.1.1.64	testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+)	diagnostics	evaluation of 17beta-HSD3 enzymatic activity using androgen receptor-mediated transactivation is important for understanding and diagnosing the 46,XY disorder of sexual development caused by mutations of HSD17B3 genes which results in low testosterone production. A method is adapted that easily evaluates enzymatic activity of 17beta-HSD3 by quantifying the conversion from androstenedione to trestosterone using androgen receptor-mediated transactivation	
1.1.1.79	glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)	diagnostics	enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase is a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Patients with negative GRHPR both in tumor tissues and nontumoral tissues have a significantly shorter survival time than those with positive GRHPR. Multivariate analysis establishes that GRHPR is detected in nontumoral tissues as an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, overview	
1.1.1.80	isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+)	diagnostics	characterization of adrenal and gonadal tissue	
1.1.1.108	carnitine 3-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the L-carnitine oxidation step can be exploited for spectroscopic L-carnitine determination in biological fluids	
1.1.1.122	D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the purified alpha1,2-fucosidase and L-fucose dehydrogenase have sufficiently high activities in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) at 37 °C, making it possible to develop a one-pot method for the quantitative determination of 2'-fucosyllactose in fermentation samples. The application of this method is more convenient for quantifying 2'-fucosyllactose in a variety of samples that may be obtained from different phases of the biotechnological production of this oligosaccharide. The method is useful for simple and rapid screening of active variants during the development of any industrially important microbial strain producing 2'-fucosyllactose	
1.1.1.145	3beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase	diagnostics	HSD3B1 mRNA levels may be able to identify oocytes capable of producing euploid embryos	
1.1.1.184	carbonyl reductase (NADPH)	diagnostics	expression of CBR mRNA is a significant prognostic factor in non–small-cell lung cancer and is inversely associated with tumor progression and angiogenesis	
1.1.1.205	IMP dehydrogenase	diagnostics	IMPDH activity is measured in adults without thiopurine treatment as well as in adult and paediatric patients treated with thiopurines. A wide interindividual variability in IMPDH activity in erythrocytes is observed. No difference in IMPDH activity is found between untreated subjects and adult and paediatric patients on thiopurine therapy. The method described is useful in the determination of IMPDH phenotype from patients on thiopurine therapy and in the investigation of the potential relationship between IMPDH activity in erythrocytes and the occurrence of adverse events and drug response variability	
1.1.1.211	long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase	diagnostics	3-hydroxypalmitoleoyl-carnitine and other hydroxylated long chain acylcarnitines are markers of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and/or trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency, while heptadecanoylcarnitine is a biomarker specific for propionic acidemia (PA) or methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) patients able to detect propionate disorders during expanded newborn screening	
1.1.1.213	3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Re-specific)	diagnostics	co-immobilization of the enzyme with diaphorase of Clostridum sp. onto alkylamine glass beads through glutaraldehyde coupling for determination of bile acids in serum and bile in a cost-effective colorimetric assay	
1.1.1.255	mannitol dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme is a major food allergen and its occurance in food, e.g. in celery sticks, celeriac, celery powder, or celery seeds, is required to be labeled, development of a quantitative PCR-based DNA detection method for use in food samples, overview	
1.1.1.284	S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the enzyme is useful for determination of formaldehyde in consumers goods and environment	
1.1.1.336	UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the wecC gene may represent a useful method for detecting the human type of Edwardsiella tarda, which may have the ability to cause human infection	
1.1.2.3	L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)	diagnostics	a mediatorless biosensor is developed that is based on flavocytochrome b2 immobilized onto gold nanoclusters for non-invasive L-lactate analysis of human liquids	
1.1.2.B5	PQQ-dependent quinohemoprotein pyranose dehydrogenase	diagnostics	bioelectrochemical applications (an amperometric biosensor) in electrochemical devices, based on direct electron transfer reactions. Development of a biosensor to detect urinary L-fucose	
1.1.3.2	L-lactate oxidase	diagnostics	an improved amperometric L-lactate biosensor was constructed based on covalent immobilization of lactate oxidase from Pediococcus species onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT)/copper nanoparticles (CuNPs)/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid film electrodeposited on the surface of a pencil graphite electrode. The biosensor shows maximum response within 5 s at pH 8.0 in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer and 37°C, when operated at 20 mV/s. The biosensor has a detection limit of 0.00025 mM with a wide working range between 0.001-2.5 mM. The biosensor is employed for measurement of L-lactic acid level in plasma of apparently healthy and diseased persons. Analytical recovery of added lactic acid in plasma is 95.5%. The working enzyme electrode is used 180 times over a period of 140 days, when stored at 4°C	
1.1.3.2	L-lactate oxidase	diagnostics	an integrated tear lactate sensor using Schirmer test strip and engineered lactate oxidase is developed. The sensor is insensitive to ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid, which are common interfering compounds in tears, and show no sign of degradation after 8 weeks of shelf life study. The proposed sensor exhibits potential usefulness in providing an alternative noninvasive method of measuring lactate and in calibrating the continuous lactate contact lens	
1.1.3.2	L-lactate oxidase	diagnostics	L-lactate oxidase based lactate sensors are widely used for clinical diagnostics, sports medicine, and food quality control. Rational engineering of Aerococcus viridans L-lactate oxidase for the mediator modification to achieve quasi-direct electron transfer type lactate sensor	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	glucose oxidase can be used in various immunoassays and/or staining procedures as well as removal of excess glucose, in real-time fluorescent microscopy for biological samples, glucose oxidase/catalase is often used for oxygen scavenging to reduce photodamage	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	used in an automatic glucose assay kit in conjunction with catalase and chiefly in biosensors for the detection and estimation of glucose in industrial solutions and in body fluids such as blood and urine	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is used as a molecular diagnostic and analytical tool in the medical industry for the control of diabetes	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is used for the manufacture of glucose biosensors and in particular sensor strips used to measure glucose levels in serum	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	glucose biosensor	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is modified with carbon nanochips (CNCs), and glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized on the modified electrode surface. Chitosan (CS) is employed to fix the GOx/CNCs tightly to the surface of the GCE. Characterization of the modified electrode shows that glucose oxidase remains in its native structure when immobilized in CNC film. Application in glucose biosensing and biofuel cells	
1.1.3.4	glucose oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is used for a number of applications in biotechnology and clinical diagnostics	
1.1.3.6	cholesterol oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is used for a kinetic cholesterol assay for determination of cholesterol content in human serum, overview, the enzyme from Streptomyces is more effective than the enzyme from Brevibacterium	
1.1.3.6	cholesterol oxidase	diagnostics	analytic tool for determining cholesterol in various samples	
1.1.3.6	cholesterol oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is used to determine cholesterol in food and blood serum by coupling of the enzyme with peroxidase	
1.1.3.6	cholesterol oxidase	diagnostics	determination of cholesterol, by rapid, cheap and reliable methods, is very important in clinical diagnosis because its level in blood is closely related to human health. A reproducible cholesterol biosensors is prepared based on the direct adsorption of ChOx onto gold substrates (ChOx-Au)	
1.1.3.6	cholesterol oxidase	diagnostics	the enzyme is an important biotechnological tool for clinical diagnostics. It is also used for tracking intracellular cholesterol. Its utility is limited by the lack of an efficient temporal control of its activity. A rapamycin-inducible fluorescent cholesterol oxidase from Chromobacterium sp. DS-1 (split GFP-COase) is engineered. Induction by rapamycin allows temporal control over enzyme activity and rapidly leads to an efficient reduction of intracellular cholesterol. It is proposed that this drug-inducible split GFP-COase is a new tool to manipulate the cellular cholesterol content and gain insights into cholesterol-dependent proteins and cholesterol-related cell pathologies	
1.1.3.9	galactose oxidase	diagnostics	determination of galactose or lactose concentration in complex biological fluids by immobilized galactose oxidase	
1.1.3.15	(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase	diagnostics	lactate biosensor (FIA amperometric detection), tested with beer samples, detection limit: 0.84 micromol/l, three-electrode cell with AG/AGCl, NaCl reference electrode, platinum wire, glassy carbon electrode, the latter layered with Prussian Blue film of K3Fe(CN)6, Fe(III), KCl, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, pH 1.7 maintained with HCl, lactate oxidase immobilized onto the Prussian Blue-modified glassy carbon electrode, enzyme layer covered by a Nafion-ethanol solution, storage in phosphate buffer, pH 6.9	
1.1.3.15	(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase	diagnostics	lactate biosensor development based on an enzymatic recognition system using lactate oxidase and a transduction system based on laminol, peroxidase from Arthromyces ramosus and metallic aluminum, immobilized in a plastic support by a polyion complex membrane prepared from poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)	
1.1.3.15	(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase	diagnostics	the metabolic gene HAO2 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and predicts metastasis and poor survival. Dysregulation of HAO2 is a very early event in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and it may represent a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for human hepatocellular carcinoma	
1.1.5.2	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)	diagnostics	enzyme is industrially used as glucose sensor with high catalytic activity and insensitivity to oxygen	
1.1.5.2	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)	diagnostics	purified enzyme is immobilized on carbon electrodes modified with 4-ferrocenylphenol, 4-(4-ferrocenylimino-methyl)-phenol, or 4-ferrocenylnitrophenol, for use as glucose biosensors, kinetic behaviour during immobilization	
1.1.5.2	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)	diagnostics	purified enzyme is immobilized on carbon electrodes modified with 4-ferrocenylphenol, 4-(4-ferrocenylimino-methyl)phenol, or 4-ferrocenylnitrophenol, for use as glucose biosensors, kinetic behaviour during immobilization	
1.1.5.2	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)	diagnostics	the enzyme is attractive for application in glucose detection in clinic diagnosis and industrial bioprocess controls	
1.1.5.9	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)	diagnostics	glucose sensor/glucose determination	
1.1.5.9	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)	diagnostics	the enzyme can be used as O2-independent biosensor for glucoe detection	
1.1.5.9	glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)	diagnostics	an oxygen insensitive glucose biosensor is developed which comprises FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, dichlorophenol indophenol or 2,3-dichloro-naphthoquinone as redox mediators and polydopamine as a constraining layer. It shows long term bioelectrocatalytic activity for at least 3 days without any additional coating or treatment. The system shows great reproducibility, as well as an easy fabrication methodology that should allow low-cost manufacturing	
1.1.99.1	choline dehydrogenase	diagnostics	study of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer identifies the expression of CHD among three human genes controlled by estrogens, and shows that this is a strong predictor of the outcome of treatment with tamoxifen in early-stage (ER)-positive breast cancer patients	
1.1.99.6	D-lactate dehydrogenase (acceptor)	diagnostics	D-lactate content is of great interest for clinical diagnosis. A D-lactate sensing system using a thermostable dye-linked D-lactate dehydrogenase (Dye-DLDH) is developed. The electrode for detection of D-lactate is prepared by immobilizing the thermostable Dye-DLDH and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) within Nafion membrane. The electrocatalytic response of the electrode is clearly observed upon exposure to D-lactate. The electrode response to D-lactate is linear within the concentration range of 0.03-2.5 mM, and it shows little reduction in responsiveness after 50 days	
1.1.99.18	cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)	diagnostics	key enzyme in biosensors	
1.1.99.18	cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)	diagnostics	the enzyme can be used for constructing biosensors	
1.1.99.18	cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)	diagnostics	the enzyme is used in amperometric biosensor	
1.1.99.24	hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase	diagnostics	AHDFE1 mRNA expression and DNA methylation can potentially be used as diagnostic markers in cancer and might be of great value in predicting the survival of patients with cancer. High expression of ADHFE1 is positively associated with favorable patient prognosis in breast, colon, and gastric cancers	
1.1.99.35	soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase	diagnostics	biosensor	
1.2.1.36	retinal dehydrogenase	diagnostics	ALDH1A1 is rapidly gaining importance as a stem cell marker	
1.2.1.47	4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase	diagnostics	detection of anti-TMABA-DH autoantibody is a potential strategy for a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, usefulness of the anti-TMABA-DH antibody as a diagnostic marker	
1.2.1.63	6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	development of a biosensor for detection of caprolactam oligomers in aqueous media	
1.3.1.20	trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase	diagnostics	overexpression of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase as a prognostic marker in resected gastric cancer patients, patients with DDH overexpression have a significantly higher incidence of early tumor recurrence and distant metastasis	
1.3.1.21	7-dehydrocholesterol reductase	diagnostics	enzyme activity measurement can be a tool for prognosis of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome	
1.3.1.21	7-dehydrocholesterol reductase	diagnostics	enzyme activity measurement is useful for distinguishing Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome from carrier or unaffected cells, diagnosis of atypical cases, overview	
1.3.1.21	7-dehydrocholesterol reductase	diagnostics	enzyme is a key marker of early Leydig cell steroidogenesis, using the technique of differential display RT-PCR	
1.3.1.24	biliverdin reductase	diagnostics	antiapoptotic effect of the enzyme in cancers portens strategies for developing novel biomarkers and effective treatment ways for cancer patients	
1.3.1.24	biliverdin reductase	diagnostics	peripheral biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease	
1.3.1.91	tRNA-dihydrouridine20 synthase [NAD(P)+]	diagnostics	the enzyme defined as an independent prognostic factor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer cells	
1.3.1.124	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(3E)-enoyl-CoA-producing]	diagnostics	the enzyme is a clinically relevant biomarker for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)	
1.3.3.4	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	diagnostics	detection of the naturally occuring 1082-1083insC mutation in the PPOX gene is a genetic marker for variegate porphyria in humans	
1.3.3.5	bilirubin oxidase	diagnostics	BOD is used for diagnostic analysis of bilirubin in serum	
1.3.3.5	bilirubin oxidase	diagnostics	the BOD activity catalyzing the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin can be used for the diagnosis of jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia	
1.3.5.1	succinate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	mutations of SDH subunit encoding genes are good markers for paraganglioma	
1.3.5.1	succinate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	SDHB mutations are a marker for a prognostic risk of patients with pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas	
1.3.5.1	succinate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	succinate dehydrogenase subunits may be candidate susceptibility genes for some phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN, tumor suppressor) mutation-negative individuals with Cowden syndrome-like cancers. To address this hypothesis, germline succinate dehydrogenase subunits SDHB-D mutation analysis in 375 PTEN mutation-negative Cowden syndrome /Cowden syndrome -like individuals is performed, followed by functional analysis of identified SDH mutations/variants. Germline SDH mutations/variants occur in a subset of PTEN mutation-negative Cowden syndrome /Cowden syndrome -like individuals and are associated with increased frequencies of breast, thyroid, and renal cancers beyond those conferred by germline PTEN mutations. SDH testing should be considered for germline PTEN mutation-negative Cowden syndrome /Cowden syndrome -like -like individuals, especially in the setting of breast, thyroid, and/or renal cancers	
1.3.8.4	isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase	diagnostics	enzyme activity assay development for determination of isovaleric acidemia in newborn disorder screening	
1.3.8.9	very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	diagnostics	maternal riboflavin deficiency in combination with decreased VLCAD activity can result in false-positive VLCADD neonatal screening results with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency-like biochemistry	
1.4.1.2	glutamate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	GDH electrophoretic type (ETs) and sequence types may serve as useful markers in predicting the pathogenic behavior of strains of this serotype and that the molecular basis for the observed differences in the ETs is amino acid substitutions and not deletion, insertion, or processing uniqueness	
1.4.1.2	glutamate dehydrogenase	diagnostics	GLDH, gama-glutamyltransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase and erythrocyte mean cell volume are assessed in 238 alcoholics admitted to hospital: on admission, after 24 h and after 7 days. All the values are significantly higher than those in healthy persons. The fastest activity decrease is seen in GLDH. The kinetics of GLDH and aspartate-aminotranferase are more applicable than gama-glutamyltransferase kinetics after a week, but GLDH kinetics are most reliable. GLDH is the most specific laboratory marker with almost 90% specificity. The sensitivity of combination erythrocyte mean cell volume and GLDH kinetics after 1 week of abstinence is pathognomonic by 97.2%. GLDH is an equally accurate marker of alcoholism in comparison to others	
1.4.1.20	phenylalanine dehydrogenase	diagnostics	the immobilized enzyme is useful for establishing an analytical spectrophotometric determination method of L-Phe in the diagnostics of phenyketonuria, an inborn error of amino acid metabolism in which the conversion of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine is impaired and can cause profound mental retardation if not detected and treated soon after birth. Early quantitative measurement of the plasma L-Phe is essential for the diagnosis of phenylketonuria and the control of dietary therapy of the patients. The conversion efficiency of the reactor with immobillized enzyme is 100% in the range of 0.005-0.6 mM Phe at 9 mM NAD+ with a total flow rate of 0.1 mL/min. The reactor is used for the analyses of 30 samples each for 3 h per day. The half-life period of the reactor is 15 days, method evaluation, overview	
1.4.3.3	D-amino-acid oxidase	diagnostics	th enzyme is useful for measurement of D-serine contents in the brain via an implantable D-serine biosensor for in vivo monitoring	
1.4.3.10	putrescine oxidase	diagnostics	enzyme can be used as biosensor for putrescine using dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultra-microelectrodes ensuring a good electron transfer from the enzyme, method optimization, overview	
1.4.3.10	putrescine oxidase	diagnostics	diagnostic tool for the detection of biogenic amines such as putrescine and cadaverine. In body fluids, increased levels of these biogenic amines reflect tumor growth rates and thus can be used as tumor biomarkers. The enzyme is also used to monitor food freshness by detecting polyamines in spoiling food. The use of PutOx engineered with a peptide tag (self-assembled enzyme PutOx-AuBP bound to gold nanoparticles) offers a precise assembly while securing the enzyme function in a single step and can be adapted easily as a promising strategy for designing immobilized enzyme biocatalysts in multicomponent systems	
1.4.3.10	putrescine oxidase	diagnostics	in order to determine total biogenic amines in fermented foods, the combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of a monoamine oxidase and a putrescine oxidase (combi-CLEAs) are prepared. The combined cross-linked enzyme aggregate of monoamine oxidase and putrescine oxidase is a promising catalyst with the improved stability and the same optimum pH for dual activities in enzymatic determination of biogenic amines in foods	
1.4.3.11	L-glutamate oxidase	diagnostics	the R305E mutant enzyme is suitable for the determination of L-arginine. L-Arginine can be a medical biomarker because patients with argininemia or cancer show unusual concentrations of L-arginine in the blood	
1.4.3.13	protein-lysine 6-oxidase	diagnostics	LOX can serve as a predictive marker of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Overall survival rates of the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with high LOX expression are significantly lower than those of the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low LOX expression	
1.4.3.13	protein-lysine 6-oxidase	diagnostics	co-overexpression of SP1 and LOXL2 significantly correlates with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer	
1.4.3.19	glycine oxidase	diagnostics	a rapid and simple glycine analysis method is developed using a stable glycine oxidase mutant (T42 A/C245 S/L301V). Glycine analysis is important in research fields such as physiology and healthcare because the concentration of glycine in human plasma has been reported to change with various disorders	
1.4.3.22	diamine oxidase	diagnostics	clinical impact of a commercial radioimmunoassay for determination of DAO activity for the diagnosis of histamine intolerance is evaluated in a prospective, multicentre study in 207 adult patients. No correlation between diamine oxidase serum levels and clinical status is be found