Literature summary for 3.6.4.13 extracted from

Cusumano, P.; Damulewicz, M.; Carbognin, E.; Caccin, L.; Puricella, A.; Specchia, V.; Bozzetti, M.P.; Costa, R.; Mazzotta, G.M.
The RNA helicase BELLE is involved in circadian rhythmicity and in transposons regulation in Drosophila melanogaster (2019), Front. Physiol., 10, 133 .

Search for more literature for 3.6.4.13

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene bel, quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme BELLE in fly brain	Drosophila melanogaster

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	depletion of the enzyme gene expression by RNAi in both glia and clock neurons, knockdown of belle with the pan-glial driver repo-Gal4 and lama-Gal4, a driver for glial precursor cells, lamina precursor cells and lamina neurons. The belEY08943 mutant exhibits a less striking phenotype: a significant difference was observed in the PDF positive s-LNvs only in constant darkness, where the oscillation of PER is 4 h delayed compared to control, similarly to what described in belcap-1 flies. Both belle mutants are characterized by a reduction in the number of l-LNvs: a high percentage of brains, in fact, presented three neurons instead of the canonical four (83.93, 76.28, and 6.78% in bel cap-1, bel EY08943, and white 1118, respectively). In contrast, RNAi against belle in the photoreceptor cells (GMR-Gal4 and ninaE-Gal4) does not affect either vitality or behavior. Locomotor activity of belle knockdown flies under different conditions, overview	Drosophila melanogaster

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
cytoplasm	BELLE expression in clock neurons and in glial cells in the optic lobe, with a predominantly cytoplasmic localization	Drosophila melanogaster	5737	-
nucleus	-	Drosophila melanogaster	5634	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Mg2+	required	Drosophila melanogaster

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + H2O	Drosophila melanogaster	-	ADP + phosphate	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Drosophila melanogaster	Q9VHP0	several strains	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
brain	localization of GFP-tagged enzyme BELLE in fly brain	Drosophila melanogaster	-
glial cell	epithelial	Drosophila melanogaster	-
additional information	BELLE localizes in the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster. BELLE expression in clock neurons and in glial cells in the optic lobe, with a predominantly cytoplasmic localization. BELLE may be located in epithelial glia in the lamina. No significant protein oscillation in the fly head. Expression analysis of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview	Drosophila melanogaster	-
neuron	in clock neurons, BELLE is expressed in either the small or the large ventral lateral neurons (s-LNvs and l-LNvs respectively)	Drosophila melanogaster	-
ovary	-	Drosophila melanogaster	-
testis	-	Drosophila melanogaster	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + H2O	-	Drosophila melanogaster	ADP + phosphate	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
bel	-	Drosophila melanogaster
DEAD-box RNA helicase	-	Drosophila melanogaster
RNA helicase BELLE	-	Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	two viable mutant lines are generated by p-element insertion in the regulatory region, belle cap-1 and belle EY08943, flies are entrained for 3 days in light dark cycles at constant temperature (23°C) followed by 7 days of constant darkness. Either mutant exhibits an impairment of the locomotor behavior: in light-darkness (LD) conditions, both lines presented the canonical bimodal profile, but a severe loss of the morning anticipation of the locomotor activity is displayed. A high percentage of flies show also an arrhythmic behavior in constant darkness (DD), although no defects are monitored concerning the period, which is comparable to wild-type. Mutant lines show defects in some clusters of neurons. Under LD conditions, belle cap-1 flies exhibit a significant reduction of oscillation amplitude in both s-LNvs and l-LNvs, particularly marked at ZT0. Similarly, in constant darkness, a general decrease of PER staining is observed compared to wild-type, which is particularly enhanced during the subjective night/beginning of the subjective day. RNAi against belle in the photoreceptor cells (GMR-Gal4 and ninaE-Gal4) does not affect either vitality or behavior. Knockdown of belle with the pan-glial driver repo-Gal4 and lama-Gal4, a driver for glial precursor cells, lamina precursor cells and lamina neurons causes developmental lethality	Drosophila melanogaster
metabolism	in Drosophila melanogaster, BELLE, a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase playing important roles in reproductive capacity, is involved in the small RNA-mediated regulation associated to the piRNA pathway	Drosophila melanogaster
physiological function	RNA helicase BELLE is involved in circadian rhythmicity and in transposons regulation in Drosophila melanogaster, belle is a putative circadian clock component. BELLE acts as important element in the piRNA-mediated regulation of the transposable elements (TEs) and the specific regulation could represent another level of post-transcriptional control adopted by the clock to ensure the proper rhythmicity. BELLE is implicated in the circadian rhythmicity and in the regulation of endogenous transposable elements (TEs) in both nervous system and gonads	Drosophila melanogaster

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)