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Literature summary for 1.14.15.4 extracted from
- Identification of the fungicide epoxiconazole by virtual screening and biological assessment as inhibitor of human 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase (2019), J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 192, 105358.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene cyp11b1, recombinant enzyme expression in hamster V79MZh cells | Homo sapiens |
| gene cyp11b2, recombinant enzyme expression in hamster V79MZh cells | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,1-thiocarbonyl-diimidazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Ancymidol | moderate inhibition | Homo sapiens |  |
| bifonazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| clotrimazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| econazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| epoxiconazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| etomidate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| fadrozole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| flurprimidol | moderate inhibition | Homo sapiens | |
| isoconazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| ketoconazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| miconazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | in silico screening and in vitro evaluation for the discovery of xenobiotics inhibiting CYP11B1, overview. Several databases comprising environmentally relevant pollutants, chemicals in body care products, food additives and drugs have been virtually screened using CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 pharmacophore models. Molecular docking and binding modes; in silico screening and in vitro evaluation for the discovery of xenobiotics inhibiting CYP11B2, overview. Several databases comprising environmentally relevant pollutants, chemicals in body care products, food additives and drugs have been virtually screened using CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 pharmacophore models. Molecular docking and binding modes | Homo sapiens | |
| ozagrel | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| tioconazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mitochondrion | - |
Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2+ | in the cytochrome P450 heme | Homo sapiens | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11-deoxycorticosterone + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2 + 2 H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
11beta-hydroxycorticosterone + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O | - |
? | |
| 11-deoxycortisol + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2 + 2 H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
11beta-hydroxycortisol + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | P15538 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adrenal cortex | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| NCI-H295R cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| zona fasciculata | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| zona glomerulosa | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11-deoxycorticosterone + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | 11beta-hydroxycorticosterone + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O | - |
? | |
| 11-deoxycortisol + 2 reduced adrenodoxin + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | 11beta-hydroxycortisol + 2 oxidized adrenodoxin + H2O | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme also catalyzes the 18beta-hydroxylation of cortocisterone, see also EC 1.14.15.5 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 11beta-hydroxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Aldosterone synthase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| CYP11B1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| CYP11B2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| additional information | see also EC 1.14.15.5 | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| adrenodoxin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| cytochrome P450 | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| heme | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| NADPH | the enzyme uses NADPH as cofactor to catalyze the last and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cortisol by 11beta-oxidation of 11-deoxycortisol in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex | Homo sapiens | |
| NADPH | the enzyme requires NADPH as a cofactor | Homo sapiens | |
IC50 Value
| IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.000623 | - |
pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Homo sapiens | epoxiconazole | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the enzyme belongs to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family | Homo sapiens |
| malfunction | disruption of the enzye activity and the synthesis of cortisol by exogenous chemicals can contribute to cardio-metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and immune-related disorders | Homo sapiens |
| malfunction | disruption of the enzyme activity and the synthesis of aldosterone by exogenous chemicals can contribute to cardio-metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and immune-related disorders. Inhibition of CYP11B2 in normal individuals can result in life-threatening hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and postural hypotension. The most severe form is observed in patients with genetic defects | Homo sapiens |
| metabolism | the synthesis of cortisol underlies feedback regulation via adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cortisol by 11beta-oxidation of 11-deoxycortisol in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Cortisol is produced when circulating glucose levels drop and under situations of stress. Furthermore, cortisol acts as an intrinsic immune-modulatory agent with an essential role in inflammation. It also regulates developmental and metabolic processes in the body | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is mainly located in mitochondria in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, requires NADPH as a cofactor, and catalyzes three steps in the synthesis of aldosterone. First, it hydroxylates DOC at the 11beta-position to corticosterone, second, it hydroxylates corticosterone at position 18 to form 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and third, it oxidizes this metabolite at position 18 to generate aldosterone. Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid controlling the reabsorption of Na+ and the excretion of K+ by activating mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the distal convoluted tubules and the cortical collecting ducts of the nephron. It maintains plasma volume and regulates atrial blood pressure | Homo sapiens |
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