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2-ethylbutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
2-ethylbutanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
2-ethylbutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + 2-ethylbutanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
2-methyl-propionyl-CoA + phosphate
2-methylpropionylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
2-methylbutanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + 2-methylbutanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
3-hydroxybutanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
r
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
4-hydroxybutanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
r
4-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA + phosphate
4-hydroxypentanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
r
acetoacetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetoacetylphosphate + CoA
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetyl Phosphate + CoA
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetylphosphate + CoA
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + acetyl phosphate
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + butanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
hexanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + hexanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
hexanoyl-CoA + phosphate
hexanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
isobutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + isobutanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
isobutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
isobutanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
isobutanoyl-CoA + phosphate
isobutanoylphosphate + CoA
-
30% of butanoylphosphate formation
-
-
?
isopentanoyl-CoA + phosphate
isopentanoylphosphate + CoA
-
95% of butanoylphosphate formation
-
-
?
isovaleryl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + isovaleryl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
isovaleryl-CoA + phosphate
isovaleryl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
n-pentanoyl-CoA + phosphate
n-pentanoylphosphate + CoA
-
78% of butanoylphosphate formation
-
-
?
n-propionyl-CoA + phosphate
n-propionylphosphate + CoA
-
23% of butanoylphosphate formation
-
-
?
pentanoyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + pentanoyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
pentanoyl-CoA + phosphate
pentanoyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + propionyl phosphate
propionyl-CoA + phosphate
propionyl phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
acetoacetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetoacetylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
r
acetoacetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetoacetylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
r
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetyl Phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetyl Phosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetylphosphate + CoA
-
1.3% of butanoylphosphate formation
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
acetylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + acetyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + acetyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
role in metabolism
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
r
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
role in energy metabolism in butyric acid bacteria
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
role in energy metabolism in butyric acid bacteria
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
Clostridium saccharoacetobutylicum
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
-
-
?
butanoyl-CoA + phosphate
butanoylphosphate + CoA
-
association between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation and phosphotransbutyrylase expression
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + propionyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + phosphate
CoA + propionyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme exhibits a broad substrate specificity, a strong preference for branched-chain substrates, a lack of activity with acetyl CoA and hexanoyl CoA, and strict chain length preference (C3-C5). Catalysis involves ternary complex formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
mechanism is consistent with ternary complex formation rather than a ping-pong mechanism. PtB is active with a large number of substrates and prefers substrates with a carbon chain length of C3-C5 and the presence of an alkyl side chain
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme exhibits a broad substrate specificity, a strong preference for branched-chain substrates, a lack of activity with acetyl CoA and hexanoyl CoA, and strict chain length preference (C3-C5). Catalysis involves ternary complex formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
mechanism is consistent with ternary complex formation rather than a ping-pong mechanism. PtB is active with a large number of substrates and prefers substrates with a carbon chain length of C3-C5 and the presence of an alkyl side chain
-
-
-
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physiological function
-
The product pattern of a gene disruption mutant is altered to high ethanol, i.e. 12.1 g/l, and high butanol, i.e. 8.0 g/l, titers in fermentations with pH regulated above 5.0. Glucose fed-batch cultivation elevates the ethanol concentration to 32.4 g/l, yielding a more than fourfold increased alcohol to acetone ratio as compared to the wildtype. The mutant is still capable to take up butanoate when externally added during the late exponential growth phase. Findings suggest that alternative pathways of butanoate re-assimilation exist in Clostridium acetobutylicum
physiological function
a butanoate kinase mutant is not viable if the ptb gene is not also inactivated. In a butanoate kinase/phosphate butanoyltransferase double mutant under acidogenic conditions, the primary metabolite is butanol and 2-hydroxyvalerate is produced. Under solventogenesis, 58% increased butanol production is obtained compared to the control, and 0.3 g/g butanol formation is reached. Under alcohologenesis, the major product is lactate. AdhE2, which encodes an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, is highly expressed in all metabolic states in the mutant
physiological function
-
a butanoate kinase mutant is not viable if the ptb gene is not also inactivated. In a butanoate kinase/phosphate butanoyltransferase double mutant under acidogenic conditions, the primary metabolite is butanol and 2-hydroxyvalerate is produced. Under solventogenesis, 58% increased butanol production is obtained compared to the control, and 0.3 g/g butanol formation is reached. Under alcohologenesis, the major product is lactate. AdhE2, which encodes an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, is highly expressed in all metabolic states in the mutant
-
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Yarlett, N.; Lloyd, D.; Williams, A.G.
Butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium
Biochem. J.
228
187-192
1985
Dasytricha ruminantium
brenda
Miller, T.L.; Jenesel, S.E.
Enzymology of butyrate formation by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
J. Bacteriol.
138
99-104
1979
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
brenda
Valentine, R.C.; Wolfe, R.S.
Purification and role of phosphotransbutylase
J. Biol. Chem.
235
1948-1952
1960
Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium saccharoacetobutylicum, Clostridium sporogenes
brenda
Thompson, D.K.; Chen, J.C.
Purification and properties of an acetoacetyl coenzyme A-reacting phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium beijerinckii (Clostridium butylicum) NRRL B593
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
56
607-613
1990
Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium beijerinckii VPI 13437
brenda
Wiesenborn, D.P.; Rudolph, F.B.; Papoutsakis, E.T.
Phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and its role in acidogenesis
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
55
317-322
1989
Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Cary, J.W.; Petersen, D.J.; Papoutsakis, E.T.; Bennett, G.N.
Cloning and expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum phosphotransbutyrylase and butyrate kinase genes in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol.
170
4613-4618
1988
Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Walter, K.A.; Mermelstein, L.D.; Papoutsakis, E.T.
Studies of recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum with increased dosages of butyrate formation genes
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
721
69-72
1994
Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Liu, S.J.; Steinbuchel, A.
Exploitation of butyrate kinase and phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum for the in vitro biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid)
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
53
545-552
2000
Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Vazquez, G.J.; Pettinari, M.J.; Mendez, B.S.
Phosphotransbutyrylase expression in Bacillus megaterium
Curr. Microbiol.
42
345-349
2001
Priestia megaterium, Priestia megaterium (Q9F4C1)
brenda
Oultram, J.D.; Burr, I.D.; Elmore, M.J.; Minton, N.P.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the genes encoding phosphotransbutyrylase and butyrate kinase from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052
Gene
131
107-112
1993
Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052
brenda
Vazquez, G.J.; Pettinari, M.J.; Mendez, B.S.
Evidence of an association between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation and phosphotransbutyrylase expression in Bacillus megaterium
Int. Microbiol.
6
127-129
2003
Priestia megaterium
brenda
Sillers, R.; Al-Hinai, M.A.; Papoutsakis, E.T.
Aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase and/or thiolase overexpression coupled with CoA transferase downregulation lead to higher alcohol titers and selectivity in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
102
38-49
2009
Clostridium acetobutylicum (P58255), Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Lehmann, D.; Radomski, N.; Luetke-Eversloh, T.
New insights into the butyric acid metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
96
1325-1339
2012
Clostridium acetobutylicum
brenda
Sirobhushanam, S.; Galva, C.; Saunders, L.P.; Sen, S.; Jayaswal, R.; Wilkinson, B.J.; Gatto, C.
Utilization of multiple substrates by butyrate kinase from Listeria monocytogenes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1862
283-290
2017
Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria monocytogenes 10403S
brenda
Yoo, M.; Croux, C.; Meynial-Salles, I.; Soucaille, P.
Metabolic flexibility of a butyrate pathway mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum
Metab. Eng.
40
138-147
2017
Clostridium acetobutylicum (P58255), Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792 (P58255)
brenda