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(3S,3R)-2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-isoleucine + H2O + NADP+
2-oxo-3-methylbutyric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-valine + H2O + NADP+
2-oxo-4-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-leucine + H2O + NADP+
D-Ala + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-alanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-alanine + H2O + FAD
pyruvate + NH3 + FADH2
D-alanine + H2O + methylene blue
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
D-alanine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-arginine + H2O + FAD
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-arginine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: D-arginine and D-lysine are the most effective substrates
Products: -
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-Asp + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-asparagine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxosuccinamic acid + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-asparagine + H2O + methylene blue
2-oxosuccinamic acid + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-asparagine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-cysteine + H2O + methylene blue
3-mercapto-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-cystine + H2O + methylene blue
? + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Glu + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-glutamine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-amino-2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-histidine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-histidine + H2O + FAD
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-histidine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-histidine + H2O + methylene blue
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-histidine + phenazine methosulfate
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-histidine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-isoleucine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-methyl-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-isoleucine + H2O + methylene blue
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-isoleucine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-kynurenine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-kynurenine + H2O + methylene blue
4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-leucine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-leucine + H2O + methylene blue
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-leucine + phenazine methosulfate
? + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-leucine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-lysine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
7-amino-2-oxoheptanoic acid + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: D-arginine and D-lysine are the most effective substrates
Products: -
?
D-lysine + phenazine methosulfate
6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-lysine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
7-amino-2-oxoheptanoic acid + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Met + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-methionine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-methionine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-methionine + phenazine methosulfate
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
D-methionine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-norleucine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-norleucine + H2O + methylene blue
2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-norvaline + H2O + methylene blue
2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-ornithine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
? + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Phe + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 19.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-phenylalanine + H2O + FAD
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + methylene blue
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-phenylalanine + phenazine methosulfate
2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-phenylalanine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Pro + H2O + coenzyme Q1
?
D-Pro + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 100% activity
Products: -
?
D-proline + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-proline + H2O + coenzyme Q1
DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NH3 + reduced coenzyme Q1
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-proline + H2O + FAD
2-oxopentanoic acid + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-proline + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Ser + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 6.7% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-serine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-serine + H2O + FAD
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-serine + H2O + methylene blue
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
D-serine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-threonine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
D-threonine + H2O + FAD
3-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-threonine + H2O + methylene blue
3-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
D-threonine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
3-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tryptophan + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-indole-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tryptophan + H2O + methylene blue
3-indole-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tryptophan + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
3-indole-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tyrosine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tyrosine + H2O + FAD
(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-tyrosine + H2O + iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tyrosine + H2O + methylene blue
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-tyrosine + phenazine methosulfate
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-tyrosine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Val + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxoisopentanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 0.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-valine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxoisopentanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-valine + H2O + FAD
2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-valine + H2O + methylene blue
2-oxoisopentanoate + NH3 + reduced methylene blue
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-valine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-Ala + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
Substrates: 1.9% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
L-Pro + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
Substrates: 3.5% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
(3S,3R)-2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-isoleucine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 45% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
(3S,3R)-2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-isoleucine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 45% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
2-oxo-3-methylbutyric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-valine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 83% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
2-oxo-3-methylbutyric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-valine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 83% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
2-oxo-4-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-leucine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 91% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
2-oxo-4-methylvaleric acid + NH3 + NADPH + H+
D-leucine + H2O + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: yield of 91% after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C
?
D-Ala + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Ala + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 36.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-Ala + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 36.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-alanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-alanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
D-alanine + H2O + FAD
pyruvate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: D-amino acid dehydrogenase activity of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-alanine + H2O + FAD
pyruvate + NH3 + FADH2
Substrates: the enzyme is an efficient D-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity
Products: -
?
D-alanine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-alanine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
pyruvate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
-
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: fast substrate D-arginine leads to a dead-end complex of the reduced enzyme and the substrate at high concentrations of D-arginine yielding substrate inhibition, while the overall turnover is partially limited by the release of the iminoarginine product
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-arginine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Asp + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 0.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-Asp + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 0.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-asparagine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-asparagine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
2-oxobutanedioate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Glu + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 1.0% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-Glu + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 1.0% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-glutamine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-amino-2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-glutamine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
5-amino-2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-histidine + phenazine methosulfate
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-histidine + phenazine methosulfate
3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: slow substrate, the initial Michaelis complex undergoes an isomerization involving multiple conformations that are not all equally catalytically competent for the subsequent oxidation reaction, while the overall turnover is at least partially limited by flavin reduction
Products: -
?
D-leucine + phenazine methosulfate
? + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-leucine + phenazine methosulfate
? + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-leucine + phenazine methosulfate
? + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: enzyme preferentially binds the zwitterionic form of the substrate. Isomerization of the Michaelis complex yields an enzyme-substrate complex competent for flavin reduction. Amine deprotonation triggers the oxidation reaction, with cleavage of the substrate NH and CH bonds occurring in an asynchronous fashion. Tyr53, on a mobile loop covering the active site, may participate in substrate binding and facilitate flavin reduction
Products: -
?
D-lysine + phenazine methosulfate
6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-lysine + phenazine methosulfate
6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-Met + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 0.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-Met + H2O + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: 0.8% activity compared to D-Pro
Products: -
?
D-methionine + phenazine methosulfate
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-methionine + phenazine methosulfate
4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + reduced phenazine methosulfate
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-Pro + H2O + coenzyme Q1
?
Substrates: D-Pro is the best substrate
Products: -
?
D-Pro + H2O + coenzyme Q1
?
Substrates: D-Pro is the best substrate
Products: -
?
D-serine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
D-serine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-hydroxy-2-oxopropanoate + NH3 + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no substrates: aspartae, glutamate
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no substrates: aspartae, glutamate
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no substrates: aspartae, glutamate
Products: -
-
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