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Information on EC 1.3.3.11 - pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.3.3.11
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.3 Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
1.3.3 With oxygen as acceptor
1.3.3.11 pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
IUBMB Comments
So far only a single turnover of the enzyme has been observed, and the pyrroloquinoline quinone remains bound to it. It is not yet known what releases the product in the bacterium.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
- 1.3.3.11
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quinoproteins
- methanol
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prosthetic
- dehydrogenases
- radiodurans
- extorquens
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methylobacterium
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pqq-containing
- deinococcus
- calcoaceticus
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acinetobacter
- synthesis
- biotechnology
- analysis
Reaction Schemes
showSynonyms
pqqc/d, quinoprotein dehydrogenase, pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
PqqC
PqqC/D
pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase C
pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
pyrroloquinoline/quinone synthesis protein C
pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
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6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
PqqC is part of a complex of six enzymes that act together in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis: PqqA serves as a complex precursor for for pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqB is not directly required for pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis, but a carrier and responsible for its transport across the plasma-membrane into the periplasm, PqqC does not contain a redox-active metal or other cofactor and is responsible for the last cyclization and oxidation steps in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqD has three possible functions: first, it could play a role in the release of pyrroloquinoline-quinone from PqqC, second it could be involved in binding of PqqB to PqqC, third it could function as the dioxygenase in the pathway, PqqE is a family member of radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes and catalyzes a radical driven C-C bond formation required to link the glutamate and tyrosine moieties at atoms C9 and C9a of pyrroloquinoline-quinone, PqqF recognizes and cleaves all four peptide bonds in PqqA
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
PqqC is part of a complex of six enzymes that act together in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis: PqqA serves as a complex precursor for for pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqB is not directly required for pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis, but a carrier and responsible for its transport across the plasma-membrane into the periplasm, PqqC does not contain a redox-active metal or other cofactor and is responsible for the the last cyclization and oxidation steps in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqD has three possible functions: first, it could play a role in the release of pyrroloquinoline-quinone from PqqC, second it could be involved in binding of PqqB to PqqC, third it could function as the dioxygenase in the pathway, PqqE is a family member of radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes and catalyzes a radical driven C-C bond formation required to link the glutamate and tyrosine moieties at atoms C9 and C9a of pyrroloquinoline-quinone, PqqF recognizes and cleaves all four peptide bonds in PqqA
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6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
PqqC is part of a complex of six enzymes that act together in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis: PqqA serves as a complex precursor for for pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqB is not directly required for pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis, but a carrier and responsible for its transport across the plasma-membrane into the periplasm, PqqC does not contain a redox-active metal or other cofactorand is responsible for the the last cyclization and oxidation steps in pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthesis, PqqD has three possible functions: first, it could play a role in the release of pyrroloquinoline-quinone from PqqC, second it could be involved in binding of PqqB to PqqC, third it could function as the dioxygenase in the pathway, PqqE is a family member of radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes and catalyzes a radical driven C-C bond formation required to link the glutamate and tyrosine moieties at atoms C9 and C9a of pyrroloquinoline-quinone, PqqF recognizes and cleaves all four peptide bonds in PqqA
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6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
PqqC/D produces the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone from the intermediate in vivo
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6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
reaction mechanism consisting of a series of base catalyzed proton abstractions followed by quinoid/quinol tautomerizations and oxidations, overview
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
reaction mechanism consisting of a series of base catalyzed proton abstractions followed by quinoid/quinol tautomerizations and oxidations, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
cyclization
oxidation
reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
So far only a single turnover of the enzyme has been observed, and the pyrroloquinoline quinone remains bound to it. It is not yet known what releases the product in the bacterium.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
353484-42-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes, PQQ might also be involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species during growth under stress conditions
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes, PQQ might also be involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species during growth under stress conditions
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
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Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
Substrates: -
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
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Substrates: PqqC/D has low affinity to PQQH2
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
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Substrates: catalyzes the final step of PQQ formation, which involves a ring closure and an overall eight-electron oxidation of 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid in the absence of a redox-active metal or cofactor
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: PqqC/D produces the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone from the intermediate in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: PqqC/D has low affinity to PQQH2
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: PqqC/D produces the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone from the intermediate in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: PqqC/D has low affinity to PQQH2
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes, PQQ might also be involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species during growth under stress conditions
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes, PQQ might also be involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species during growth under stress conditions
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid + O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
Substrates: synthesis of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), that serves as prosthetic group for many bacterial enzymes
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Products: the product is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + O2
4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + H2O2 + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: catalyzes the final step of PQQ formation, which involves a ring closure and an overall eight-electron oxidation of 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid in the absence of a redox-active metal or cofactor
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: PqqC/D produces the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone from the intermediate in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
Substrates: PqqC/D produces the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone from the intermediate in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
oxidized pyrroloquinoline quinone
-
in vitro pyrroloquinoline quinone is oxidized by molecular oxygen and then the oxidized pyrroloquinoline quinone is trapped in PqqC/D to show product inhibition
-
oxidized pyrroloquinoline quinone
-
in vitro pyrroloquinoline quinone is oxidized by molecular oxygen and then the oxidized pyrroloquinoline quinone is trapped in PqqC/D to show product inhibition
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
TrxAB
-
the complete TrxAB system enhance the pyrroloquinoline quinone production
-
additional information
-
no dependence on NADH or NADPH in purified enzyme preparation
-
activating factor ActF
-
consists of a cytosolic fraction, activating factor ActF enhances pyrroloquinoline quinone synthesis in the presence of NAD(P)H
-
activating factor ActF
-
consists of a cytosolic fraction, activating factor ActF enhances pyrroloquinoline quinone synthesis in the presence of NAD(P)H
-
dithiothreitol
-
0.1 mM enhances pyrroloquinoline quinone production
NAD(P)H
-
NAD(P)H enhances pyrroloquinoline quinone production in the presence of activating factor ActF
NAD(P)H
-
NAD(P)H enhances pyrroloquinoline quinone production in the presence of activating factor ActF
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
8.3
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.9
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
isolated in the Mississippi Delta from a soybean charcoal rot disease patch
UniProt
brenda
isolated in the Mississippi Delta from a soybean charcoal rot disease patch
UniProt
brenda
enzyme appears to be a fusion protein of PqqC and PqqD
Swissprot
brenda
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
enzyme appears to be a fusion protein of PqqC and PqqD
Swissprot
brenda
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
fusion protein of PqqC with PqqD
-
-
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
evolution
-
the gene pqqC is a suitable molecular marker that can be used complementary to housekeeping genes for studying the diversity and evolution of plant-beneficial pseudomonads, phylogenetic tree, overview. Phylogenetic distribution of cultivated and noncultivated pseudomonads from wheat roots based on pqqC
evolution
phylogenetic analysis of the pqqC gene of species of the genus Pseudomonas reveals that strain JX22 differs significantly from other species with sequenced pqqC genes
evolution
-
phylogenetic analysis of the pqqC gene of species of the genus Pseudomonas reveals that strain JX22 differs significantly from other species with sequenced pqqC genes
-
malfunction
pqqC gene disruption mutant JX22MT1 by the EZ-Tn5 transposon mutation, the mutant shows no antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in contrast to the wild-type strain JX22. Antifungal activity at wild-type level is restored by introduction of the functional wild-type pqqC gene
malfunction
-
pqqC gene disruption mutant JX22MT1 by the EZ-Tn5 transposon mutation, the mutant shows no antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in contrast to the wild-type strain JX22. Antifungal activity at wild-type level is restored by introduction of the functional wild-type pqqC gene
-
metabolism
PqqC catalyzes the last step of pyrroloquinoline quinone biogenesis which involves a ring closure and an eight-electron oxidation of the substrate 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid
metabolism
-
the enzyme catalyzes the final step of the pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis, namely, cyclization and oxidation of the intermediate 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid to pyrroloquinoline quinone
metabolism
-
PqqC catalyzes the last step of pyrroloquinoline quinone biogenesis which involves a ring closure and an eight-electron oxidation of the substrate 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid
-
physiological function
pyrroloquinoline quinone, i.e. 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1Hpyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, PQQ, synthesized by the enzyme, is a bacterial cofactor in numerous alcohol dehydrogenases including methanol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase
physiological function
enzyme Pqq C, encded by gene pqqC, is essential for antifungal activity of Pseudomonas kilonensis JX22 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Strain JX22 shows broad range of antifungal and antibacterial activities to plant pathogens, e.g. it significantly inhibits mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain ATCC 9848
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, a cofactor of various membrane-bound dehydrogenases. The amount of endogenous PQQ is generally regarded as a bottleneck to achieving higher catalytic efficiency of PQQ-dependent dehydrogenases. PQQ biosynthesis can be enhanced by overexpressing some of the individual genes in the gene cluster in Gluconobacter oxydans and the PQQ levels are positively correlated with the efficiency of conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose, overexpression of PQQ-related genes activates L-sorbose production and D-sorbitol dehydrogenase activity
physiological function
-
enzyme Pqq C, encded by gene pqqC, is essential for antifungal activity of Pseudomonas kilonensis JX22 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Strain JX22 shows broad range of antifungal and antibacterial activities to plant pathogens, e.g. it significantly inhibits mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain ATCC 9848
-
physiological function
-
pyrroloquinoline quinone, i.e. 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1Hpyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, PQQ, synthesized by the enzyme, is a bacterial cofactor in numerous alcohol dehydrogenases including methanol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase
-
physiological function
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, a cofactor of various membrane-bound dehydrogenases. The amount of endogenous PQQ is generally regarded as a bottleneck to achieving higher catalytic efficiency of PQQ-dependent dehydrogenases. PQQ biosynthesis can be enhanced by overexpressing some of the individual genes in the gene cluster in Gluconobacter oxydans and the PQQ levels are positively correlated with the efficiency of conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose, overexpression of PQQ-related genes activates L-sorbose production and D-sorbitol dehydrogenase activity
-
additional information
the enzyme has 14 conserved active site residues, which are in close contact with bound substrate pyrroloquinoline quinone. It exhibits a stepwise process in which substrate binding leads to the generation of the closed protein conformation, with the latter playing a critical role in O2 binding and catalysis
additional information
an all atom model of the quinoprotein dehydrogenase PqqC in complex with 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (PQQ) and O2, solvated with TIP3 water in periodic boxes, is subjected to random-acceleration molecular dynamics (RAMD) showing that O2 leaves the active binding pocket, in front of PQQ, to get to the solvent, as easily as with a variety of other O2-activating enzymes, O2 carriers, and gas-sensing proteins. The shortest pathway, orthogonal to the center of the mean plane of PQQ, is largely preferred by O2 over pathways slightly deviating from this line. These observations challenge the interpretation of an impermeable active binding pocket of PqqC-PQQ, as drawn from both X-ray diffraction data of the crystal at low temperature and physiological experimentation. Key residues for the minor O2 gates are 1. Q155, L158, R177, and R17, 2. E188, and L191, and 3. D83 and Q182, or the main O2 egress involving residues P151, L180, and A183, modeling, overview
additional information
-
the enzyme has 14 conserved active site residues, which are in close contact with bound substrate pyrroloquinoline quinone. It exhibits a stepwise process in which substrate binding leads to the generation of the closed protein conformation, with the latter playing a critical role in O2 binding and catalysis
-
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (5352 entries)
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
28910
29000
41577
x * 41577, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
42000
58000
29000