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IUBMB CommentsThe Euglena enzyme can also use FAD or methyl viologen as acceptor, more slowly. The enzyme is inhibited by oxygen.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Synonyms
pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:nadp+ oxidoreductase, cppno, aquacobalamin reductase (nadph),
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EC 1.6.99.11
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formerly
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pyruvate dehydrogenase
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pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
PDH
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pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
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pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
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-
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pyruvate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+
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-
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pyruvate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
The Euglena enzyme can also use FAD or methyl viologen as acceptor, more slowly. The enzyme is inhibited by oxygen.
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2-oxobutyrate + CoA + NADP+
propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
-
?
3-hydroxypyruvate + CoA + NADP+
hydoxyacetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
-
?
oxaloacetate + CoA + NADP+
? + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CoA + methyl viologen
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced methyl viologen
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-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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NADP+ can be substituted by methyl viologen
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-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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NADP+ can be substituted by benzyl viologen
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-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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reverse reaction 2% of forward reaction
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-
r
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pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
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-
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-
?
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CoA + NADP+
acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
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FAD
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NADP+
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Fe
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4 mol per mol subunit
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additional information
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not arsenite
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thiamine diphosphate
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dependent on
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0.068
methyl viologen
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additional information
additional information
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kinetic mechanism
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0.0066
CoA
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with NADP+
0.0081
CoA
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with methyl viologen
0.028
NADP+
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-
0.027
pyruvate
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with NADP+
0.033
pyruvate
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with methyl viologen
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brenda
and strain 124A
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brenda
and strain 124A
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brenda
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brenda
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Uniprot
brenda
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brenda
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confirmed by immuno fluorescence microscopy
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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physiological function
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part of citric acid cycle
physiological function
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part of citric acid cycle
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PNO_CRYPV
1934
0
217557
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
PNO_EUGGR
1803
0
199821
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A0L6JT06_9FIRM
1173
0
127779
TrEMBL
-
G2E2H9_9GAMM
1193
0
130308
TrEMBL
-
A0A0A1TYU8_ENTIV
1161
0
127872
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A0A1UF84_ENTIV
1161
0
127331
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A174RJW5_PHOVU
1181
0
129356
TrEMBL
-
F4KK87_PORAD
Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (strain ATCC 25260 / DSM 20707 / BCRC 10618 / JCM 6326 / LMG 13178 / VPI 4198)
1209
0
133381
TrEMBL
-
G7M5K2_9CLOT
1170
0
129866
TrEMBL
-
A0A075K6M1_9FIRM
1174
0
129855
TrEMBL
-
A0A139YB62_TOXGO
749
0
83435
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A086QHE1_TOXGO
1027
0
112964
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
F2JRC7_CELLD
Cellulosilyticum lentocellum (strain ATCC 49066 / DSM 5427 / NCIMB 11756 / RHM5)
1181
0
130533
TrEMBL
-
G7Q3S1_9DELT
1217
0
130731
TrEMBL
-
Q30WB5_OLEA2
Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis (strain ATCC BAA-1058 / DSM 17464 / G20)
1217
0
131785
TrEMBL
-
A0A086KPM4_TOXGO
1027
0
112948
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
G7LP36_9GAMM
1177
0
129101
TrEMBL
-
A0A0P0L857_PHOVU
1181
0
129326
TrEMBL
-
F8E4E5_FLESM
Flexistipes sinusarabici (strain ATCC 49648 / DSM 4947 / MAS 10)
1193
0
132329
TrEMBL
-
G3IZH5_METTV
Methylobacter tundripaludum (strain ATCC BAA-1195 / DSM 17260 / SV96)
1212
0
132395
TrEMBL
-
U5RUW5_9CLOT
1174
0
129984
TrEMBL
-
F2JPT1_CELLD
Cellulosilyticum lentocellum (strain ATCC 49066 / DSM 5427 / NCIMB 11756 / RHM5)
1179
0
129723
TrEMBL
-
I9NQH0_9FIRM
1180
0
128969
TrEMBL
-
A0A090HXT2_9FIRM
1179
0
130761
TrEMBL
-
B6KHE3_TOXGV
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50861 / VEG)
1027
0
113024
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
G7M9Z4_9CLOT
1169
0
127179
TrEMBL
-
Q3APU4_CHLCH
Chlorobium chlorochromatii (strain CaD3)
1189
0
130363
TrEMBL
-
F8F4E2_TRECH
Treponema caldarium (strain ATCC 51460 / DSM 7334 / H1)
1185
0
129300
TrEMBL
-
A0A7U3Z2D4_9GAMM
1177
0
129147
TrEMBL
-
C9LSZ8_SELS3
Selenomonas sputigena (strain ATCC 35185 / DSM 20758 / VPI D19B-28)
1174
0
128502
TrEMBL
-
A0A086M5Z5_TOXGO
784
0
87575
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A075KAA8_9FIRM
1181
0
129619
TrEMBL
-
A0A0H3IZY4_CLOPA
1175
0
129772
TrEMBL
-
F0R5G0_PHOSB
Phocaeicola salanitronis (strain DSM 18170 / JCM 13657 / BL78)
1185
0
130269
TrEMBL
-
A0A2G8YB35_TOXGO
277
0
29451
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A174EFS1_9CLOT
1179
0
130023
TrEMBL
-
A0A086QDP4_TOXGO
1027
0
113080
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
G8TKH4_NIAKG
Niastella koreensis (strain DSM 17620 / KACC 11465 / NBRC 106392 / GR20-10)
1193
0
129958
TrEMBL
-
F4LMB3_TREBD
Treponema brennaborense (strain DSM 12168 / CIP 105900 / DD5/3)
1186
0
128757
TrEMBL
-
A0A139YB90_TOXGO
35
0
3550
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
U5RXA5_9CLOT
1170
0
128772
TrEMBL
-
I9DHU4_9FIRM
1170
0
128965
TrEMBL
-
A0A150FQQ8_CLOPD
1177
0
129992
TrEMBL
-
A0A086KWG5_TOXGO
1027
0
112948
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
B6AEJ2_CRYMR
Cryptosporidium muris (strain RN66)
1945
0
220349
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
S7V0F8_TOXGG
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50853 / GT1)
1027
0
112948
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
F9UFZ2_9GAMM
1202
0
130611
TrEMBL
-
F9Z3J5_ODOSD
Odoribacter splanchnicus (strain ATCC 29572 / DSM 20712 / CIP 104287 / JCM 15291 / NCTC 10825 / 1651/6)
1178
0
129474
TrEMBL
-
I8TUR5_9FIRM
1176
0
129275
TrEMBL
-
A0A086LC33_TOXGO
784
0
87472
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A0H3J9L1_CLOPA
1175
0
128830
TrEMBL
-
A0A086LC35_TOXGO
242
0
25365
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A0L6JKM3_9FIRM
1173
0
129695
TrEMBL
-
A0A0H3J2Y2_CLOPA
1181
0
128090
TrEMBL
-
A0A174WVN0_PHOVU
1181
0
129296
TrEMBL
-
G4E6K8_9GAMM
1646
0
181949
TrEMBL
-
I9NX19_9FIRM
1174
0
129817
TrEMBL
-
F0RX59_SPHGB
Sphaerochaeta globosa (strain ATCC BAA-1886 / DSM 22777 / Buddy)
1177
0
129217
TrEMBL
-
B0E6B9_ENTDS
Entamoeba dispar (strain ATCC PRA-260 / SAW760)
1163
0
127774
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A425HWJ0_TOXGO
1027
0
112948
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
F0SW50_SYNGF
Syntrophobotulus glycolicus (strain DSM 8271 / FlGlyR)
1178
0
129194
TrEMBL
-
F2NG17_DESAR
Desulfobacca acetoxidans (strain ATCC 700848 / DSM 11109 / ASRB2)
1292
0
143870
TrEMBL
-
F4KSH8_HALH1
Haliscomenobacter hydrossis (strain ATCC 27775 / DSM 1100 / LMG 10767 / O)
1182
0
130557
TrEMBL
-
A0A086M5Z0_TOXGO
242
0
25379
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A1R3SV09_9BACT
1194
0
131379
TrEMBL
-
A0A139YAZ1_TOXGO
242
0
25333
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A075KF87_9FIRM
1180
0
129083
TrEMBL
-
M9PA66_MASBA
1723
0
188123
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
G7M4Q0_9CLOT
1175
0
130203
TrEMBL
-
F3ZNK4_9BACE
1183
0
130404
TrEMBL
-
F4GLW2_SPHCD
Sphaerochaeta coccoides (strain ATCC BAA-1237 / DSM 17374 / SPN1)
1178
0
128638
TrEMBL
-
W4A8A6_RHORH
1190
0
129509
TrEMBL
-
A0A125YFL0_TOXGM
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50611 / Me49)
1027
0
113024
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
F8N945_9BACT
1195
0
132040
TrEMBL
-
F2JRC9_CELLD
Cellulosilyticum lentocellum (strain ATCC 49066 / DSM 5427 / NCIMB 11756 / RHM5)
1175
0
127973
TrEMBL
-
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166000
-
2 * 166000, SDS-PAGE
190000
-
2 * 190000, SDS-PAGE
195000
2 * 195000, calculation from sequence
217000
-
calculated from cDNA
309000
-
gel filtration
309000
-
II. NADPH-diaphorase fragment with associated FAD
309000
-
I. methyl viologen-pyruvate dehydrogenase fragment with iron-sulfur cluster
309000
-
two covalently linked domains
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dimer
-
2 * 166000, SDS-PAGE
dimer
2 * 195000, calculation from sequence
dimer
-
2 * 190000, SDS-PAGE
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the enzyme is stabilized by its cofactor, thiamine diphosphate, in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis
-
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O2 leads to rapid inactivation
-
288278, 288279, 288281, 288283
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Inui, H.; Yamaji, R.; Saidoh, H.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
Pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase from Euglena gracilis: limited proteolysis of the enzyme with trypsin
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
286
270-276
1991
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Inui, H.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
Pyruvate: NADP+ oxidoreductase from Euglena gracilis: mechanism of O2-inactivation of the enzyme and its stability in the aerobe
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
280
292-298
1990
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Inui, H.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
Pyruvate: NADP+ oxidoreductase from Euglena gracilis: the kinetic properties of the enzyme
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
274
434-442
1989
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Inui, H.; Ono, K.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
Purification and characterization of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase in Euglena gracilis
J. Biol. Chem.
262
9130-9135
1987
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Inui, H.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
The physiological role of oxygen-sensitive pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis in Euglena gracilis
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
237
423-429
1985
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Inui, H.; Miyatake, K.; Nakano, Y.; Kitaoka, S.
Occurrence of oxygen-sensitive, NADP+-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis
J. Biochem.
96
931-934
1984
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Nakazawa, M.; Inui, H.; Yamaji, R.; Yamamoto, T.; Takenaka, S.; Ueda, M.; Nakano, Y.; Miyatake, K.
The origin of pyruvate: NADP oxidoreductase in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis
FEBS Lett.
479
155-156
2000
Euglena gracilis (Q94IN5)
brenda
Lochmeyer, C.; Fuchs, G.
NADP+-specific 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in denitrifying Pseudomonas species
Arch. Microbiol.
153
226-229
1990
Euglena gracilis
-
brenda
Nakazawa, M.; Takenaka, S.; Ueda, M.; Inui, H.; Nakano, Y.; Miyatake, K.
Pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase is stabilized by its cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate, in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
411
183-188
2003
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Ctrnacta, V.; Ault, J.G.; Stejskal, F.; Keithly, J.S.
Localization of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase in sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum
J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.
53
225-231
2006
Cryptosporidium parvum
brenda
Sawada, K.; Taki, A.; Yamakawa, T.; Seki, M.
Key role for transketolase activity in erythritol production by Trichosporonoides megachiliensis SN-G42
J. Biosci. Bioeng.
108
385-390
2009
Moniliella megachiliensis, Moniliella megachiliensis SN-G42
brenda
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1.2.1.51 pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
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The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). 
