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3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropterin + O2
?
4-bromo-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
4-chloro-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
4-fluoro-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
4-methoxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
4-methyl-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-tyrosine + 3-hydroxyphenylalanine + dihydropteridine + H2O
the enzyme prefers L-tyrosine as a substrate over L-phenylalanine by an order of magnitude
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
L-tryptophan + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
worst substrate
-
-
?
L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
the enzyme prefers L-tyrosine as a substrate over L-tryptophan by 25fold
-
-
?
L-Tyr + DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
significant activity at a concetration of DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine: 1.5 mM
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
L-tyrosine + (6RS)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6S)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
L-tyrosine + 2-methyl-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
recombinant hTH1
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
r
L-tyrosine + 6-methyl-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
L-tyrosine + ascorbate + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
L-dopa + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrofolic acid + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
tyramine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
dopamine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine + O2
?
-
L-dopa-oxidase activity
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
4 isoforms, thiols required, stimulation by Fe2+ and tetrahydropterin
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + 2 O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydropteridine + 2 H2O
wild-type and mutants
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine + tetrahydropteridine + O2
L-tyrosine + dihydropteridine + H2O
recombinant wild-type and mutant
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
first step in biosynthesis of catecholamines such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
preferred electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
tyrosine at 0.1 mM and O2 at 4.8% inhibit with (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin as electron donor, depending on O2 and cofactor concentration
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
recombinant hTH1
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
cosubstrate has a regulatory role for all 4 isoforms
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
?
-
probable regulatory role of cosubstrate for all 4 isoforms
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
synthetic pterin as electron donor
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydro-L-biopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6,7-dimethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydopteridine + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 6-methyl-4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin
best substrate
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
artificial cosubstrate
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
higher activity than with tetrahydropterin
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + 6-methyltetrahydropterin + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
alpha-synuclein is a negative regulator of the enzyme and the dopamine biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key and rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine and other catecholamine biosynthesis, regulation, mechanisms, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine synthesis, negative catecholamine end-product regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, complex regulation by the cofactor including both enzyme inactivation and conformational stabilization, enzyme defects are associated with L-DOPA responsive and non-responsive dystonia and infantile parkinsonism, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF, is involved in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the midbrain
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme is a major producer of the DOPA required for both cuticle tanning and immune-associated melanization, overview
i.e. L-dopa
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, regulation by reversible phosphorylation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme expression is increased in ataxic mice, Cdk5 activity cannot account for abnormal tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the cerebellum
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, and is involved in Parkinson's disease, enzyme inhibition by alpha-synuclein causes the dopaminergic phenotype, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
-
684367, 685885, 685887, 687055, 687935, 688519, 688523, 688528, 688545, 688624, 689074, 689215, 689999, 690099, 695599, 697761, 713957, 714205, 714239 -
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
enzyme ativity regulation by endothelins is mediated by the NO pathway, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, the enzyme is involved in the survival of grafted embryonic dopamine neurons after transplantation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, the majority of dopamine is derived from recycling after dopamine exocytosis, but loss in dopamine leads to de novo synthesis of dopamine, due to increased enzyme activity since the feedback enzyme inhibition by dopamine is reduced, regulation, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dopamine biosynthesis, enzyme inhibition in the brain leads to hypothalamic reduced dopamine and DOPAC levels and increased pituitary prolactine, while the norepinephrine levels remain unaltered, overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, is regulated acutely by feedback inhibition by the catecholamines and relief of this inhibition by phosphorylation of residue Ser40. Phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme, regulation mechanism overview
-
-
?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
1.14.16.2 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
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