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Information on EC 1.1.99.14 - glycolate dehydrogenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.99.14
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
1.1.99 With unknown physiological acceptors
1.1.99.14 glycolate dehydrogenase
IUBMB Comments
Also acts on (R)-lactate. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol and phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptors.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
- 1.1.99.14
- glyoxylate
-
photorespiration
-
photorespiratory
- d-lactate
- phosphoglycolate
- glycerate
- microbodies
- hydroxypyruvate
-
carboligase
-
tartronic
- glcdh
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high-co2-requiring
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14coxalate
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leaf-type
showSynonyms
glycolate dehydrogenase, glycolic acid dehydrogenase, glycolate oxidoreductase, glcd1, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
GADH
GDH
GlcD1
GlcDH
glycolate dehydrogenase
glycolate oxidoreductase
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-
-
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glycolic acid dehydrogenase
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-
-
-
additional information
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distinct from peroxisomal glycolate oxidase, EC 1.1.3.15
glycolate dehydrogenase
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-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glycolate + acceptor = glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
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redox reaction
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-
-
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reduction
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-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation I, glycolate and glyoxylate degradation II, glycolate and glyoxylate degradation III, photorespiration II, photorespiration III
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycolate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
Also acts on (R)-lactate. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol and phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptors.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37368-32-4
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol + acceptor
?
-
Substrates: DCIP decoloration assay, mitochondrial glycolate oxidation contributes to photorespiration in higher plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
D-lactate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
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Substrates: 100% activity with D-lactate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
Products: -
?
D-lactate + phenazine methosulfate
?
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Substrates: 93% activity compared to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
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?
DL-malate + acceptor
2-oxosuccinate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: about 3% activity of glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerate 3-phosphate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
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Substrates: 2.9% activity compared to D-lactate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolaldehyde + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 38% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glyoxylate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glycolate + nitro blue tetrazolium
glyoxylate + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 100% activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
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Substrates: 12.4% activity compared to D-lactate
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 232% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
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?
methyl glycolate + nitro blue tetrazolium
methyl glyoxylate + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 82% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
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?
phosphoglycolate + acceptor
? + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: about 9% activity of glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
succinate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
?
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Substrates: 8.5% activity compared to D-lactate
Products: -
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?
(R)-lactate + acceptor
pyruvate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: best substrate
Products: -
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?
(R)-lactate + acceptor
pyruvate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: artificial acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is reduced via phenazine methosulfate, cytochrome c can replace 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
Products: -
?
(R)-lactate + acceptor
pyruvate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + acceptor
pyruvate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: about 16% activity of glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + acceptor
pyruvate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
dihydroxyacetone + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 162% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
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?
dihydroxyacetone + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 162% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
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?
DL-glyceraldehyde + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 78% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 78% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
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?
DL-lactate + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 235% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
DL-lactate + nitro blue tetrazolium
? + reduced nitro blue tetrazolium
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Substrates: 235% activity compared to glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glyoxylate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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Substrates: 71.7% activity compared to D-lactate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glyoxylate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
glycolate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glyoxylate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
glycolate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glyoxylate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: the bacterial enzyme catalyzes phenazine methosulfate dependent reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol or cytochrome c
Products: -
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?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: in green algae the enzyme is part of glycolate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: in green algae the enzyme is part of glycolate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: involved in the photorespiration pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: artificial acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is reduced via phenazine methosulfate, cytochrome c can replace 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
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Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the bacterial 2-phosphoglycolate pathway, overview
Products: -
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?
glyoxylate + acceptor
oxalate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: about 6% activity of glycolate
Products: -
Products: -
?
glyoxylate + acceptor
oxalate + reduced acceptor
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Substrates: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as acceptor, no reaction with O2 as acceptor
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with formate, malate, acetate, FAD, FMN, NAD+, NADP+, or cytochrome c
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme does not require NAD+ and NADP+ as an electron carrier, and primary alcohols, dihydric alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes are not oxidized. Ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, glyoxylate, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, L-malic acid, L-kactic acid, D-malic acid and L-tartaric acid are inert
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme does not require NAD+ and NADP+ as an electron carrier, and primary alcohols, dihydric alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes are not oxidized. Ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, glyoxylate, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, L-malic acid, L-kactic acid, D-malic acid and L-tartaric acid are inert
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the bacterial 2-phosphoglycolate pathway, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: the bacterial enzyme catalyzes phenazine methosulfate dependent reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol or cytochrome c
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: in green algae the enzyme is part of glycolate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyocylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: in green algae the enzyme is part of glycolate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: involved in the photorespiration pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + acceptor
glyoxylate + reduced acceptor
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme does not require NAD+ and NADP+ as an electron carrier, and primary alcohols, dihydric alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes are not oxidized. Ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, glyoxylate, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, L-malic acid, L-kactic acid, D-malic acid and L-tartaric acid are inert
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme does not require NAD+ and NADP+ as an electron carrier, and primary alcohols, dihydric alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes are not oxidized. Ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, glyoxylate, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, L-malic acid, L-kactic acid, D-malic acid and L-tartaric acid are inert
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
in vitro requirement, terminal acceptor
phenazine methosulfate
-
transfers electrons from the substrate preferentially to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
additional information
-
FAD, FMN, NAD+, NADP+, oxidized glutathione, KNO3, ferricyanide, FeCl3, cytochrome c do not stimulate electron transfer from glycolate to dichlorophenolindophenol
-
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
crude oil
-
33-54% inhibition at 1-2 ml l-1, complete inhibition at 4 ml l-1
-
Cyclohexane
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33-68% inhibition at 0.01-0.03% (v/v), complete inhibition at 0.04% (v/v)
cytochrome c
-
inhibits rate of phenazine methosulfate stimulated dichlorophenolindophenol reduction
additional information
-
high ionic strength; overview over inhibitors at different concentrations
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by semicarbazide, 4-chloromercuribenzoic acid and EDTA
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
dodecane
-
65% increase of activity at 1.75% (v/v)
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Vitamin B 6 Deficiency
Vitamin B6 deficiency as related to oxalate-synthesizing enzymes in growing rats.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.45
D-lactate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.21
glycolate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
5.42
D-lactate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
1.93
glycolate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
5.42
L-lactate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
13
D-lactate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
10.92
glycolate
-
with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as cosubstrate, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
determination of internal glycolate concentrations
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
AtGDH, wild type and AtGDH T-DNA insertion mutants, line N501490 and N526859
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation
brenda
-
by sucrose density gradient centrifugation
-
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
the expression of recombinant glycolate dehydrogenase polyprotein in potato plastids strongly enhances photosynthesis and tuber yield
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
heterotetramer
heterotetramer
-
1 * 107000 + 1 * 81000 + 1 * 53000 + 1 * 38000, SDS-PAGE
heterotetramer
-
1 * 107000 + 1 * 81000 + 1 * 53000 + 1 * 38000, SDS-PAGE
-
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
construction of GlcD-deficient mutants, co-mutation of other enzymes of the alternative bacterial glycerate pathway, progressive segregation, genotyping and metabolic analysis, growth phenotypes under normal and carbon limited conditions, overview
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 6.5
-
more than 80% of enzyme activity remains in the pH range between 5.0 and 6.5 for 20 min at 20°C
725738