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Information on EC 1.1.1.294 - chlorophyll(ide) b reductase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.1.294
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
1.1.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
1.1.1.294 chlorophyll(ide) b reductase
IUBMB Comments
This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions [4,5].
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 1.1.1.294
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stay-green
- oxygenase
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light-harvesting
- pheophorbide
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7-hydroxymethyl
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dark-induced
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thylakoids
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ryegrass
- lhcii
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lolium
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perenne
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perennial
- etioplasts
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grana
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pheophytinase
- pao
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chlorophyll-binding
showSynonyms
chlorophyll b reductase, non-yellow coloring 1, chl b reductase, nyc1-like, non-yellow coloring1, chlorophyll(ide) b reductase, lpnyc1, bonyc1, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
CBR
chlorophyll b reductase
NOL
NON-YELLOW COLORING 1
NON-YELLOW COLORING1
NYC1
additional information
additional information
NYC belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family
additional information
NYC belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyllide b + NAD(P)H + H+
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
MetaCyc
chlorophyll cycle
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
71-hydroxychlorophyllide-a:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence [3] and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions [4,5].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
185915-08-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chlorophyllide b + NAD(P)H + H+
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(P)+
Substrates: -
Products: -
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r
zinc (132R)-pheophorbide b + NADPH + H+
?
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Substrates: zinc (132S)-pheophorbide b is a better substrate than zinc (132R)-pheophorbide b
Products: -
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zinc (132S)-pheophorbide b + NADPH + H+
?
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Substrates: zinc (132S)-pheophorbide b is a better substrate than zinc (132R)-pheophorbide b
Products: -
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?
additional information
?
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Substrates: chlorophyll b reduction is considered to be an early and obligatory step of chlorophyll b breakdown
Products: -
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71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
Substrates: the enzyme NYC1 is required for proper chloroplast degeneration, chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
Products: -
Products: -
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71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
Substrates: chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
Products: -
Products: -
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71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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chlorophyll b + NADPH
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + NADP+
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Substrates: when purified trimeric photosystem II is incubated with recombinant chlorophyll b reductase (NOL), conversion of chlorophyll b in photosystem II to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b reductase catalyzes the initial step of photosystem II degradation
Products: -
Products: -
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chlorophyll b + NADPH
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + NADP+
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyll b + NADPH
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + NADP+
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Substrates: catalyzed by recombinant NOL, whereas NYC1 protein alone shows no activity, but it is required for a functional chlorophyll b reductase
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chlorophyllide b + NAD(P)H + H+
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(P)+
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: chlorophyll b reduction is considered to be an early and obligatory step of chlorophyll b breakdown
Products: -
Products: -
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
Substrates: the enzyme NYC1 is required for proper chloroplast degeneration, chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
Products: -
Products: -
?
71-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
Substrates: chlorophyll b is important for LHCP stability, and no pigment-bound LHCP is detected in chlorophyll b-deficient mutants
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllide b + NADPH + H+
7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
the enzyme sequence harbors the TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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chlorophyll b reductase decreases during senescence and finally disappears after 8-day-dark incubation
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additional information
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in broccoli, treatments with UV-C can delay Chl degradation, diminish respiration rates and reduce the loss of sugars and proteins during postharvest storage
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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NYC1 and NO have enhanced expression in senescing tissues
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
isozymes NYC1 and NOL, i.e Non-Yellow Coloring1 and Non-Yellow Coloring1-Like , encoded by genes nyc1 and nol, respectively
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brenda
two isoforms of chlorophyll b reductase termed NYC1 and NOL, respectively
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brenda
two isoforms of chlorophyll b reductase termed NYC1 and NOL, respectively
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brenda
two isoforms of chlorophyll b reductase termed NYC1 and NOL, respectively
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brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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expression of NYC1 during embryo development and regulation, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis, overview
brenda
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innercellular structures of the enzyme wild-type and mutant seeds
brenda
additional information
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during fruit development, no obvious change of chlorophyll b reductase mRNA is found. Chlorophyll loss is greatly accelerated by postharvest ethylene fumigation, and NYC transcript abundance is only related to accelerated chlorophyll degradation in ethylene-induced degreening
brenda
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during fruit development, no obvious change of chlorophyll b reductase mRNA is found. Chlorophyll loss is greatly accelerated by postharvest ethylene fumigation, and NYC transcript abundance is only related to accelerated chlorophyll degradation in ethylene-induced degreening
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brenda
low abundance of mRNA and protein in green leaves, levels increase in response to dark-induced senescence
brenda
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of a light-grown chlorophyll-deficient mutant of Helianthus annuus
brenda
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a pronounced maximum of Chl b reductase activity at day 2 of senescence
brenda
expression in leaf sheaths is detectable but is significantly lower than those in expanding and mature leaves. During the progression of natural leaf senescence at 24, 30, and 36 d after leaf emergence, the expression levels of LpNYC1 increase and are approximately 23.1, 38.8, and 148.7times higher than those at the expanding stage (12 d after leaf emergence), respectively
brenda
additional information
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isozymes NOL and NYC1 are differentially expressed in Arabidopsis during development
brenda
additional information
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BoNYC1 expression increases during first days of postharvest, but decreases in advanced senescence stages, simultaneously with chlorophyll degradation. Treatments with cytokinins and 1-MCP delays the increment of BoNYC1 expression whereas ethylene accelerates the process
brenda
additional information
the expression pattern is correlated with the progression of leaf senescence
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
NYC1 is a transmembrane protein with three transmembrane domains
brenda
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NYC1 isoform has three putative membrane-spanning domains, while NOL does not contain any predictable membrane-spanning domains
brenda
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NYC1 isoform has three putative membrane-spanning domains, while NOL does not contain any predictable membrane-spanning domains
brenda
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NYC1 isoform has three putative membrane-spanning domains, while NOL does not contain any predictable membrane-spanning domains
brenda
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the bulk of activity (83%) is found in the thylakoids and only traces (5%) in the envelope fraction
brenda
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NOL is localized on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane despite the lack of a transmembrane domain. NOL and NYC1 interact physically in vitro, NOL and NYC1 are co-localized in the thylakoid membrane and act in the form of a complex as a chlorophyll b reductase
brenda
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NYC1 protein may have three transmembrane spanning domains. NOL is located on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. NYC1 and NOL interact with one another, forming a functional chlorophyll b reductase complex
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
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rice mutants lacking either NYC1 or NOL are deficient in chlorophyll b reductase activity during leaf senescence. Recombinant NOL enzyme shows in vitro chlorophyll b reductase activity in the absence of NYC1, it is possible that NOL could function independently of NYC1. It is possible that the heterodimer formation of NYC1 and NOL is necessary only under specific developmental conditions such as leaf senescence
evolution
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chlorophyll b reductase belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily
evolution
-
chlorophyll b reductase belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily
evolution
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chlorophyll b reductase belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily
evolution
LpNYC1 shares the highest amino acid sequence similarity with BdNYC1 (91.5%) in Brachypodium distachyon, and the lowest with Arabidopsis NYC1 (63.6%). Despite the sequence divergence, the NYC1 orthologues all share the classical chloroplast-localized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) domain with the TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif and the YXXXK active site for catabolizing Chl b into 7-hydroxymethyl-chl a
malfunction
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rice mutants lacking either NYC1 or NOL are deficient in chlorophyll b reductase activity during leaf senescence. Impairment in the chlorophyll b reduction leads to LHC stabilization during leaf senescence in the rice mutant lacking chlorophyll b reductase
malfunction
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Arabidosis thaliana mutants lacking either NYC1 or NOL are deficient in chlorophyll b reductase activity during leaf senescence. Impairment in the chlorophyll b reduction leads to LHC stabilization during leaf senescence in the rice mutant lacking chlorophyll b reductase
malfunction
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germination rates of mutants rapidly decrease during storage, the non-yellow coloring1 (nyc1)/nyc1-like (nol) mutant seeds fail to germinate after storage for 23 months, whereas 75% of the wild-type seeds germinate after 42 months. Mutations in the chlorophyll degradation enzymes, e.g. in chlorophyll b reductase, result in the stay-green phenotype in leaves, only a nyc1 mutation was accompanied by a stay-green phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Lack of chlorophyll b reductase results in the retention of LHC proteins as well as both chlorophyll a and b that are associated with LHC proteins in leaves. Large amount of LHCII apoproteins accumulated in the nyc1 and nyc1/nol mutants
malfunction
knocking out the Chl b reductase gene might lead to a stay-green phenotype. Overexpression of LpNYC1 activates leaf senescence in Nicotiana benthamiana and rescues the stay-green trait in the Arabidopsis thaliana nyc1 null mutant
malfunction
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in broccoli, treatments with UV-C can delay Chl degradation, diminish respiration rates and reduce the loss of sugars and proteins during postharvest storage
metabolism
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three enzymes participating in the chlorophyll cycle, namely, chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll b reductase, and 7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase, overview. In the reverse reactions from chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b is first reduced to a hydroxyl group by the action of chlorophyll b reductase. The activities of chlorophyll b reductase and7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase are coordinated in their regulation, otherwise, imbalance of those activities may lead to accumulation of the intermediate of the pathway. The conversion of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a precedes the degradation of LHC during leaf senescence
metabolism
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three enzymes participating in the chlorophyll cycle, namely, chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll b reductase, and 7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase, overview. In the reverse reactions from chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b is first reduced to a hydroxyl group by the action of chlorophyll b reductase. The activities of chlorophyll b reductase and7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase are coordinated in their regulation, otherwise, imbalance of those activities may lead to accumulation of the intermediate of the pathway. The conversion of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a precedes the degradation of LHC during leaf senescence
metabolism
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three enzymes participating in the chlorophyll cycle, namely, chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll b reductase, and 7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase, overview. In the reverse reactions from chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b is first reduced to a hydroxyl group by the action of chlorophyll b reductase. The activities of chlorophyll b reductase and7-hydroxymethylchlorophyll reductase are coordinated in their regulation, otherwise, imbalance of those activities may lead to accumulation of the intermediate of the pathway. The conversion of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a precedes the degradation of LHC during leaf senescence
metabolism
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the enzyme is part of the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, overview. Chlorophyll b reductase catalyzes the conversion of chlorophyll b to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a, which is the first step in chlorophyll b degradation
metabolism
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during senescence, chlorophylls are degraded with the purpose of avoiding presence of photoactive molecules. Chlorophyll b must be previously converted to chlorophyll a in order to be catabolized. This reduction process is catalyzed by two enzymes, chlorophyll b reductase (CBR) and hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (HCAR)
physiological function
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when greening seedlings are transferred back to darkness, conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a occurs, which results in degradation of LHC and an increase in the core antenna complexes
physiological function
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chlorophyll b reductase plays an essential role in maturation and storability of seeds. Both isozymes NYC1 and NOL participate in chlorophyll degradation during seed maturation
physiological function
inflorescence degreening is associated with increased mRNA abundance of NYC1, pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase and pheophorbide a oxygenase. Mutants of NYC1 show preferential retention of chlorophyll b during dark incubation
physiological function
isoform NYC1 degrades the chlorophyll b on photosystem II under high-light conditions, thus decreasing the photosystem II content. During high-light treatment, the chlorophyll a/b ratio is stable in the wild-type and plants lacking NYC1-Like (NOL) activity, and the photosystem II content decreases in wiild-type plants. The chlorophyll a/b ratio decreases in the NYC1 and NYC1/NOL deficient plants, and a substantial degree of photosystem II is retained in NYC1/NOL deficient plants after the high-light treatment
physiological function
NOL is not the primary enzyme responsible for degradation. During high-light treatment, the chlorophyll a/b ratio is stable in the wild-type and plants lacking NYC1-Like (NOL) activity, and the photosystem II content decreases in wiild-type plants. The chlorophyll a/b ratio decreases in NYC1/NOL deficient plants, and a substantial degree of photosystem II is retained in NYC1/NOL deficient plants after the high-light treatment
physiological function
when the level of chlorophyll b is enhanced by the introduction of a truncated chlorophyllide a oxygenase gene and leaves are incubated in the dark, the amount of NYC1 is greatly increased compared while the amount of NYC1 mRNA is the same as in the wild type. In contrast, NYC1 does not accumulate in the mutant without chlorophyll b. The NYC1 level is related to the energetically uncoupled light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex
physiological function
chlorophyll (Chl) degradation leads to leaf senescence and adversely affects biomass production of forage grasses and aesthetic appearance of turfgrasses. Transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll b reductase gene non-yellow coloring 1 associated with leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass. Predicted functional roles of LpNYC1 in Chl catabolism in green tissues and in leaf senescence. LpNYC1 catalyzes Chl degradation. Upstream transcription factors from Lolium perenne, LpABI5, LpABF3, and LpEIN3, directly regulating the expression of LpNYC1 in perennial ryegrass during leaf senescence
physiological function
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chlorophyll molecules (Chl a and Chl b) are located in the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplasts forming part of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystem II (LHCII). During senescence, thylakoid membranes are dismantled and chlorophyll molecules are released and catabolized. Chlorophyll degradation is under strict control because free chlorophyll molecules or their intermediates are photoactive and can generate highly reactive toxic radicals. During senescence, chlorophylls are degraded, therefore chlorophyll b must be previously converted to chlorophyll a in order to be catabolized. This reduction process is catalyzed by two enzymes, chlorophyll b reductase (CBR) and hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (HCAR). Chlorophyll b degradation is required for the degradation of light-harvesting complex II and thylakoid grana during leaf senescence
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
P360S
mutation changes the 3D structure of the NADPH binding site, leading to delays in postharvest degreening
additional information
additional information
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Arabidopsis nol/nyc1 double mutant, when the genes for chlorophyll b reductases NOL and NYC1 are disrupted, chlorophyll b and photosystem II are not degraded during senescence, whereas other pigment complexes completely disappear
additional information
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a double mutant constructed between nyc1 and cao (enzyme for chlorophyll b biosynthesis) fails to display a stay-green phenotype during dark-induced senescence
additional information
a mutation producing a termination codon, and a mutation interfering with correct intron splicing both lead to delays in postharvest degreening
additional information
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analysis of expression of a gene encoding a putative CBR (BoNYC1) during postharvest senescence of broccoli and of effects of postharvest physical treatements, overview
additional information
the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
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the non-yellow coloring, nyc1, recessive mutant is a rice stay-green phenotype mutant due to a defect in chlorophyl degradation, in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired, the mutant NYC1 does not show chlorophyll b reductase activity, but NOL, i.e. NYC1-like, a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, shows chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro, phenotype, overview, a double mutant from a cross between nyc1-2 and a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant cao-2 does not show the stay-green senescence phenotype, overview
additional information
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nyc1 mutant, shows the stay-green phenotype. Nol mutant (lines G079-11B, C130-10H and G087-9H) shows a stay-green phenotype very similar to that of the nyc1 mutant, i.e. the degradation of chlorophyll b is severely inhibited and light-harvesting complex II is selectively retained during senescence, resulting in the retention of thylakoid grana even at a late stage of senescence. The nyc1 nol double mutant does not show prominent enhancement of inhibition of chlorophyll degradation
additional information
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nyc1-mutant is a stay-green mutant. The double mutant nyc1/nol only slightly enhances the corresponding single mutant phenotypes
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
by centrifugation, sonication, on a nickel column and by ultrafiltration
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
coding region of chlorophyll b reductase (NOL) lacking its transit peptide amplified and cloned into pET-30a(+) at NspV and HindIII sites, expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta DE3
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fusion of the region encoding the putative transit peptide of NOL to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and introduced into the epidermal cells of Allium cepa by particle bombardment
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gene nol, DNA and amino acid determination and anaylsis, phylogenetic tree, promoter analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
gene NYC1, cloned using the RACE-PCR method, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, transient overexpression of LpNYC1 in wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana under control of CaMV 35S promoter and in Arabidopsis thaliana nyc1 null mutant strain AGL1, both via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection, recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme NYC1 in Lolium perenne protoplasts
gene nyc1, DNA and amino acid determination and anaylsis, phylogenetic tree, promoter analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
genes nyc1 and nol, the NYC1 promoter contains a potential abscisic acid-responsive element, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR expression analysis of isozymes
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Chlorophyll loss in fruit peel is greatly accelerated by postharvest ethylene fumigation, which greatly increases the expression of chlorophyll b reductase NYC and chlorophyllase Chlase. The increase in Chlase and NYC transcript abundance is only related to accelerated chlorophyll degradation in ethylene-induced degreening
cytokinins and 1-MCP inhibit developmental increase in BoNYC1 expression. Samples treated with heat show a significant lower relative expression of BoNYC1 in comparison to controls after 72 h but not after 120 h of storage
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ethylene, via 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, an ethylene-releasing agent), enhances developmental increase in BoNYC1 expression. Samples treated with visible light show a higher increment of BoNYC1 expression in relation to controls after 72 h but the expression is similar to those of controls after 120 h. Expressions of NYC1 and its homologue, NOL, increase markedly under intense light conditions
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expression of LpNYC1 is highly inducible by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon (ethylene releasing reagent). Transcription factors LpABI5, LpABF3, and LpEIN3 directly activate the expression of LpNYC1 by binding to its promoter
expression of LpNYC1 is suppressed by treatment with AVG (ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor)
NYC1 expression is repressed in the abscisic acid-insensitive mutants during embryogenesis
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Chlorophyll loss in fruit peel is greatly accelerated by postharvest ethylene fumigation, which greatly increases the expression of chlorophyll b reductase NYC and chlorophyllase Chlase. The increase in Chlase and NYC transcript abundance is only related to accelerated chlorophyll degradation in ethylene-induced degreening
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Chlorophyll loss in fruit peel is greatly accelerated by postharvest ethylene fumigation, which greatly increases the expression of chlorophyll b reductase NYC and chlorophyllase Chlase. The increase in Chlase and NYC transcript abundance is only related to accelerated chlorophyll degradation in ethylene-induced degreening
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Scheumann, V.; Schoch, S.; Rudiger, W.
Chlorophyll b reduction during senescence of barley seedlings
Planta
209
364-370
1999
Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Vezitskii, A.Y.; Lezhneva, L.A.; Scherbakov, R.A.; Rassadina, V.V.; Averina, N.G.
Activity of chlorophyll synthetase and chlorophyll b reductase in the chlorophyll-deficient plastome mutant of sunflower
Russ. J. Plant Physiol.
46
502-506
1999
Helianthus annuus
-
brenda
Scheumann, V.; Ito, H.; Tanaka, A.; Schoch, S.; Rudiger, W.
Substrate specificity of chlorophyll(ide) b reductase in etioplasts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Eur. J. Biochem.
242
163-170
1996
Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Ruediger, W.
Biosynthesis of chlorophyll b and the chlorophyll cycle
Photosynth. Res.
74
187-193
2002
Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Kusaba, M.; Ito, H.; Morita, R.; Iida, S.; Sato, Y.; Fujimoto, M.; Kawasaki, S.; Tanaka, R.; Hirochika, H.; Nishimura, M.; Tanaka, A.
Rice NON-YELLOW COLORING1 is involved in light-harvesting complex II and grana degradation during leaf senescence
Plant Cell
19
1362-1375
2007
Oryza sativa (Q5N800), Oryza sativa (Q84ST4), Oryza sativa
brenda
Horie, Y.; Ito, H.; Kusaba, M.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A.
Participation of chlorophyll b reductase in the initial step of the degradation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes in Arabidopsis
J. Biol. Chem.
284
17449-17456
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Sato, Y.; Morita, R.; Katsuma, S.; Nishimura, M.; Tanaka, A.; Kusaba, M.
Two short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases, NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 and NYC1-LIKE, are required for chlorophyll b and light-harvesting complex II degradation during senescence in rice
Plant J.
57
120-131
2009
Oryza sativa
brenda
Barry, C.
The stay-green revolution: Recent progress in deciphering the mechanisms of chlorophyll degradation in higher plants
Plant Sci.
176
325-333
2009
Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana
-
brenda
Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A.
Chlorophyll cycle regulates the construction and destruction of the light-harvesting complexes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1807
968-976
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
brenda
Nakajima, S.; Ito, H.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A.
Chlorophyll b reductase plays an essential role in maturation and storability of Arabidopsis seeds
Plant Physiol.
160
261-273
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Peng, G.; Xie, X.; Jiang, Q.; Song, S.; Xu, C.
Chlorophyll a/b binding protein plays a key role in natural and ethylene-induced degreening of Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
Sci. Hortic.
160
37-43
2013
Citrus reticulata, Citrus reticulata Blanco
-
brenda
Jibran, R.; Sullivan, K.L.; Crowhurst, R.; Erridge, Z.A.; Chagne, D.; McLachlan, A.R.; Brummell, D.A.; Dijkwel, P.P.; Hunter, D.A.
Staying green postharvest: how three mutations in the Arabidopsis chlorophyll b reductase gene NYC1 delay degreening by distinct mechanisms
J. Exp. Bot.
66
6849-6862
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q93ZA0)
brenda
Sato, R.; Ito, H.; Tanaka, A.
Chlorophyll b degradation by chlorophyll b reductase under high-light conditions
Photosynth. Res.
126
249-259
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q93ZA0), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8LEU3)
brenda
Jia, T.; Ito, H.; Hu, X.; Tanaka, A.
Accumulation of the NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 protein of the chlorophyll cycle requires chlorophyll b in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
81
586-596
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q93ZA0), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Xu, B.; Li, H.; Li, Y.; Yu, G.; Zhang, J.; Huang, B.
Characterization and transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll b reductase gene non-yellow coloring 1 associated with leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Environ. Exp. Bot.
149
43-50
2018
Lolium perenne (A0A1Q1NIA8)
-
brenda
Reyes Jara, A.; Gomez-Lobato, M.; Civello, P.; Martinez, G.
Effects of hormonal and physical treatments on the expression of a putative chlorophyll b reductase gene (BoNYC1) during postharvest senescence of broccoli
Postharvest Biol. Technol.
147
107-112
2019
Brassica oleracea
-
brenda
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