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EC 1.14.99.63 Details
EC number
1.14.99.63
Accepted name
β-carotene 4-ketolase
Reaction
(1) β-carotene + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = echinenone + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O;;(2) echinenone + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = canthaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
Other name(s)
BKT (ambiguous), β-C-4 oxygenase, β-carotene ketolase, crtS (gene name), crtW (gene name)
Systematic name
β-carotene,donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (echinenone-forming)
Comment
The enzyme, studied from algae, plants, fungi, and bacteria, adds an oxo group at position 4 of a carotenoid β ring. It is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids such as astaxanthin and flexixanthin. The enzyme does not act on β rings that are hydroxylated at position 3, such as in zeaxanthin (cf. EC 1.14.99.64, zeaxanthin 4-ketolase). The enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifuntional and also catalyses the activity of EC 1.14.15.24, β-carotene 3-hydroxylase.
History
created 2018
EC Tree
1.14.99.5 created 1972, modified 1986, modified 2000, deleted 2000
1.14.99.6 created 1972, modified 2000, deleted 2000
1.14.99.8 created 1972, deleted 1984
1.14.99.13 created 1972, deleted 1984
1.14.99.16 created 1972, deleted 2002
1.14.99.17 created 1972, deleted 1976
1.14.99.18 created 1976, modified 1999, deleted 2003
1.14.99.25 created 1986, deleted 2000