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EC 1.4.1.27 Details
EC number
1.4.1.27
Accepted name
glycine cleavage system
Reaction
glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + CO2 + NADH
Other name(s)
GCV
Systematic name
glycine:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (tetrahydrofolate-methylene-adding)
Comment
The glycine cleavage (GCV) system is a large multienzyme complex that belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex family, which also includes EC 1.2.1.25, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase system, EC 1.2.1.105, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system, EC 1.2.1.104, pyruvate dehydrogenase system, and EC 2.3.1.190, acetoin dehydrogenase system. The GCV system catalyses the reversible oxidation of glycine, yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and a reduced pyridine nucleotide. Tetrahydrofolate serves as a recipient for one-carbon units generated during glycine cleavage to form the methylene group. The GCV system consists of four protein components, the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2, glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)), T protein (EC 2.1.2.10, aminomethyltransferase), L protein (EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase), and the non-enzyme H protein (lipoyl-carrier protein). The P protein catalyses the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent liberation of CO2 from glycine, leaving a methylamine moiety. The methylamine moiety is transferred to the lipoic acid group of the H protein, which is bound to the P protein prior to decarboxylation of glycine. The T protein catalyses the release of ammonia from the methylamine group and transfers the remaining C1 unit to tetrahydrofolate, forming 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The L protein then oxidizes the lipoic acid component of the H protein and transfers the electrons to NAD+, forming NADH.
History
created 2020
EC Tree
1.4.1.6 created 1961, deleted 1982