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1,10-phenanthroline
-
1 mM, 30% inhibition
2,2'-dipyridyl
-
1 mM, 20% inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
inhibits both the reductase and dehydrogenase reactions by 30% at 1 mM
3-(1-tert-butyl-4-amino-1H-indazol-3-yl)phenol
-
CBR1 inhibitor, does not inhibit NADH-dependent S-nitrosoglutathione reduction
3-(5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl)-1-(4-carbamoyl-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) propionic acid
-
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid
4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid
4-Methylpyrazole
-
low sensitivity towards the potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 enzymes
5-chloro-3-(2-[4-ethoxyphenyl) (ethyl) amino]-2-oxoethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
C2
-
5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
AgNO3
-
NADH protects more effectively than NAD+
ascorbic acid
inhibits both the reductase and dehydrogenase reactions by 30% at 1 mM
citrate
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1 mM, 24% inhibition
decanedioic acid
-
sebacic acid
dithiothreitol
inhibits both the reductase and dehydrogenase reactions by 30% at 1 mM
dodecanedioic acid
-
most efficient inhibitor
imidazole
-
1 mM, 32% inhibition
iodoacetamide
-
1 mM, 20% inhibition
methyl methanethiosulfonate
-
complete inactivation
NADPH
-
inhibits reaction with formaldehyde, glutathione and NAD+
NEM
-
1 mM, 35% inhibition
nitroprusside
-
GSNO reductase activity is about two- to threefold decreased following a 2h stress treatment with 1 mM sodium nitroprusside
NO2-
-
1 mM, 14% inhibition
Nonanoic acid
-
pelargonic acid
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate
-
-
peroxynitrite
treatment of AtGSNOR with peroxynitrite, known as tyrosine nitrating agent, modifies this enzyme and inhibits its activity
S-acetamidoglutathione
-
-
S-hydroxymethylglutathione
-
-
Tridecanoic acid
-
tridecylic acid
Undecanoic acid
-
undecylic acid, most efficient inhibitor
12-oxododecanoic acid
-
substrate inhibition
12-oxododecanoic acid
-
linear competitive
3-(5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl)-1-(4-carbamoyl-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) propionic acid
N6022, a commercial potent and specific inhibitor of GSNOR
-
3-(5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl)-1-(4-carbamoyl-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) propionic acid
N6022, a specific and potent GSNO-R inhibitor. N6022 inhibits the GSNO-R-mediated metabolism of GSNO and formaldehyde in the heart
-
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid
-
exhibits noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition against varied concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione or NADH
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid
-
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid and 4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid are more effective than 5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in inhibiting GSNOR inside the cells, dependence of S-nitrosothiols accumulation on the concentration of compound
4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid
-
exhibits noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition against varied concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione or NADH
4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid
-
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid and 4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid are more effective than 5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in inhibiting GSNOR inside the cells, dependence of S-nitrosothiols accumulation on the concentration of compound. 4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid increases the nitrosylation of cellular proteins in RAW264.7 cells in a time-dependent manner
5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
-
exhibits noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition against varied concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione or NADH
5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
-
3-[1-(4-acetylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]propanoic acid and 4-([2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)sulfanyl]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl)benzoic acid are more effective than 5-chloro-3-[2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in inhibiting GSNOR inside the cells, dependence of S-nitrosothiols accumulation on the concentration of compound
ADP
-
-
ADP
-
competitive with respect to NAD+, noncompetitive with respect to S-hydroxymethylglutathione
ADP-ribose
-
-
ADP-ribose
-
competitive with respect to beta-NAD+ and non-competitive with glutathione
Ag+
-
Alpha-NAD+
-
-
Alpha-NAD+
-
competitive with respect to beta-NAD+ and non-competitive with glutathione
AMP
-
-
AMP
-
competitive with respect to NAD+, noncompetitive with respect to S-hydroxymethylglutathione
ATP
-
-
ATP
-
competitive with respect to NAD+, noncompetitive with respect to S-hydroxymethylglutathione
Cd2+
-
-
Cd2+
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
Cd2+
in pea leaves treated with 0.05 mM cadmium, GSNOR expression and activity are decreased by about 30%
Cd2+
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
CN-
-
1 mM, 48% inhibition
CN-
-
1 mM, 42% inhibition
Cu2+
-
-
Cu2+
-
1 mM, 76% inhibition
Cu2+
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
Decanoic acid
-
Decanoic acid
-
capric acid
Decanoic acid
noncompetitive inhibitor
dodecanoic acid
-
dodecanoic acid
-
inhibits ADH3 irrespective of substrate
dodecanoic acid
-
lauric acid, most efficient inhibitor, competitively inhibits
dodecanoic acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
dodecanoic acid
noncompetitive
dodecanoic acid
noncompetitive inhibitor
EDTA
-
1 mM, 12% inhibition
EDTA
complete inactivation
formaldehyde
-
-
glutathione
-
glutathione
noncompetitive inhibitor, inhibits GSNO reduction
Hg2+
-
-
Hg2+
-
NADH protects more effectively than NAD+
Hg2+
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
Hg2+
-
1 mM, 90% inhibition
Hg2+
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
iodoacetate
-
NADH protects more effectively than NAD+
iodoacetate
-
1 mM, 15% inhibition
N6022
-
N6022
a pyrolle-based compound, that is a significantly stronger noncompetitive inhibitor compared to fatty acids, inhibiting SlGSNOR at nanomolar concentrations
NAD+
-
competitive, nonlinear inhibitor, when the concentration of NADH varies at constant S-formylglutathione concentration, noncompetitive inhibitor when the concentration of S-formylglutathione is varied at constant NADH concentration
NAD+
-
inhibits reverse reaction with NAD+ or NADP+
NAD+
-
product inhibition
NADH
-
competitive with NAD+
NADH
-
inhibits reaction with formaldehyde, glutathione and NAD+
NADH
-
product inhibition
NADH
-
product inhibition
NADH
-
competitive inhibition, product inhibition
NO
GSNOR1 activity decreases in response to NO donors
NO
susceptibility of the enzymatic activity to NO donors in vitro and its subsequent restoration after treatment with reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT)
octanoic acid
-
octanoic acid
-
caprylic acid
octanoic acid
noncompetitive inhibitor
PCMB
-
-
PCMB
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
PCMB
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
pyrazole
-
-
S-formylglutathione
-
inhibits reaction with formaldehyde, glutathione and NAD+
S-formylglutathione
-
product inhibition with S-hydroxymethylglutathione
S-Methylglutathione
-
-
S-Methylglutathione
noncompetitive inhibitor, inhibits GSNO reduction
Zn2+
-
1 mM, 40% inhibition
Zn2+
-
1 mM, 28% inhibition
Zn2+
-
1 mM, 50% inhibition
additional information
strong oxidizing agents are capable of reducing Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR activity. Plant systems reversibly inhibit their GSNOR activity in response to oxidative radicals
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
GSNOR enzymatic activity, but not gene expression, is inhibited by the nitrogen assimilatory pathway via post-transcriptional S-nitrosation, preventing any scavenging of GSNO
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
-
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
-
not inhibitory: N-ethylmaleimide
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
-
it is unclear whether activation or inhibition by fatty acids is of physiological importance
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 0.4 mM 2-aminodecanoic acid and 10 mM glutathionesulfonic acid
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
-
GSNOR inhibitors may be novel tools for regulating nitric oxide bioactivity and assessing the role of S-nitrosothiols in vivo
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
plant systems reversibly inhibit their GSNOR activity in response to oxidative radicals
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
lacking an S-nitrosyl or S-hydroxymethyl group that binds to the active site zinc atom, the affinity of inhibitors GSH and S-methylglutathione is reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to GSNO and HMGSH
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-
additional information
oxidative post-translationally modification of GSNOR inhibits the activity of the enzyme suggesting a direct crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-signaling
-