A

adenine

Ac

acetyl

ADP

adenosine 5'-diphosphate

Ala

alanine

All

allose

Alt

altrose

AMP

adenosine 5'-monophosphate

Ara

arabinose

Arg

arginine

Asn

asparagine

Asp

aspartic acid

ATP

adenosine 5'-triphosphate

Bicine

N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine

BSA

bovine serum albumin

C

cytosine

cal

calorie

CDP

cytidine 5'-diphosphate

Cys

cysteine

d

deoxy-

D-

(and L-) prefixes indicating configuration

DFP

diisopropyl fluorophosphate

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DPN

diphosphopyridinium nucleotide (now NAD)

DTNB

5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)

DTT

dithiothreitol (i.e. Cleland's reagent)

E. coli

Escherichia coli

EC

number of enzyme in Enzyme Commission's system

EDTA

ethylene diaminetetraacetate

EGTA

ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethyl ether) tetraacetate

ER

endoplasmatic reticulum

Et

ethyl

EXAFS

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FAD

flavin-adenine dinucleotide

FMN

flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-monophosphate)

Fru

fructose

Fuc

fucose

G

guanine

Gal

galactose

GDP

guanosine 5'-diphosphate

Glc

glucose

GlcN

glucosamine

GlcNAc

N-acetylglucosamine

Gln

glutamine

Glu

glutamic acid

Gly

glycine

GMP

guanosine 5'-monophosphate

GSH

glutathione

GSSG

oxidized glutathione

GTP

guanosine 5'-triphosphate

Gul

gulose

h

hour

H4

tetrahydro

HEPES

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid

His

histidine

HPLC

high performance liquid chromatography

Hyl

hydroxylysine

Hyp

hydroxyproline

IAA

iodoacetamide

Ido

idose

IDP

inosine 5'-diphosphate

Ig

immunoglobulin

Ile

isoleucine

IMP

inosine 5'-monophosphate

ITP

inosine 5'-triphosphate

Km

Michaelis constant

L-

(and D-) prefixes indicating configuration

Leu

leucine

Lys

lysine

Lyx

lyxose

M

mol/l

m-

meta-

Man

mannose

MES

2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonate

Met

methionine

MIC

minimal inhibitory concentration

min

minute

mM

millimol/l

MOPS

3-(N-morpholino)propane sulfonate

mRNA

messenger RNA

Mur

muramic acid

MW

molecular weight

NAD(P)H

indicates either NADH or NADPH

NAD+

nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide

NADH

reduced NAD

NADP+

NAD phosphate

NADPH

reduced NADP

NDP

nucleoside 5'-diphosphate

NEM

N-ethylmaleimide

Neu

Neuraminic acid

NMN

nicotinamide mononucleotide

NMP

nucleoside 5'-monophosphate

NTP

nucleoside 5'-triphosphate

o-

ortho-

Orn

ornithine

p-

para-

PBS

Phosphate Buffered Saline

PCMB

p-chloromercuribenzoate

PEG

polyethylene glycol

PEP

phosphoenoloyruvate

pH

-log10[H+]

Ph

phenyl

Phe

phenylalanine

PIXE

proton-induced X-ray emission

PMSF

henylmethane-sulfonylfluoride

Pro

proline

Q10

factor for the change in reaction rate for a 10°C temperature increase

Rha

rhamnose

Rib

ribose

RNA

ribonucleic acid

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

Sar

N-methylglycine (sarcosine)

SDS-PAGE

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Ser

serine

T

thymine

t1/2

time for half-completion of reaction

Tal

talose

TDP

thymidine 5'-diphosphate

TEA

triethanolamine

Thr

threonine

TLCK

tosyl-L-leucine chloromethyl ketone

Tm

melting temperature

TMP

thymidine 5'-monophosphate

Tos-

tosyl-(p-toluenesulfonyl-)

TPN

triphosphopyridinium nucleotide (now NADP)

Tris

tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane

tRNA

transfer RNA

Trp

tryptophan

TTP

thymidine 5'-triphosphate

Tyr

tyrosine

U

uridine

U/mg

?mol/(mg*min)

UDP

uridine 5'-diphosphate

UMP

uridine 5'-monophosphate

UTP

uridine 5'-triphosphate

Val

valine

Xaa

symbol for an amino acid of unknown constitution in peptide formula

XAS

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Xyl

xylose