1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase endosperm isoform Sdh1, specific for kernel and endosperm 689569 1.1.1.21 aldose reductase endosperm - 700796 1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase endosperm - 286627, 762119 1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) endosperm - 657017 1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) endosperm developing, maximal at stage 7 of endosperm development, overview 654369 1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) endosperm NADP-ME4 670594 1.1.1.43 phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase endosperm - 286822 1.1.1.44 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent, decarboxylating) endosperm - 286857, 286864, 286870, 286877, 286891, 740813 1.1.3.15 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase endosperm expression level is similar to ubiquitin 763602 1.13.11.18 persulfide dioxygenase endosperm - 726227 1.13.11.26 peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase endosperm - 439520 1.13.11.51 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase endosperm - 676502 1.14.11.13 gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase endosperm - 660219 1.14.11.15 gibberellin 3beta-dioxygenase endosperm - 439266 1.14.14.158 carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase endosperm - -, 746186 1.14.14.86 ent-kaurene monooxygenase endosperm - 440290 1.14.15.21 zeaxanthin epoxidase endosperm developing endosperm 700831 1.14.18.1 tyrosinase endosperm of maize seeds 690213 1.14.19.11 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4-desaturase endosperm - 733376, 734904, 734943, 735198 1.14.19.2 stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase endosperm - 745027 1.14.19.26 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 6-desaturase endosperm - 732022 1.2.1.104 pyruvate dehydrogenase system endosperm - 348924 1.2.1.64 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) endosperm - 688652 1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase endosperm - 392049 1.2.1.9 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) endosperm - 655561, 657058 1.3.1.43 arogenate dehydrogenase endosperm - 725624 1.3.3.3 coproporphyrinogen oxidase endosperm - 746121 1.3.5.5 15-cis-phytoene desaturase endosperm - 713291 1.3.98.3 coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase endosperm of developing seeds 746121 1.4.7.1 glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) endosperm - 392008 1.5.1.10 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) endosperm - 763097 1.5.1.8 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) endosperm - -, 392367, 655470, 655777, 763097 1.5.1.8 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) endosperm during development 392357, 392358, 392369 1.5.1.8 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) endosperm enzyme activity increases with the onset of endosperm development with a peak at 20 days after pollination 392358 1.5.1.8 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) endosperm located specifically in -, 392367 1.5.1.8 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) endosperm outer layers 392375 1.5.1.9 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) endosperm - -, 396547, 655777, 763097 1.6.5.4 monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) endosperm - 392729 1.7.3.3 factor-independent urate hydroxylase endosperm - 246662 2.1.1.158 7-methylxanthosine synthase endosperm developing 668586 2.1.1.160 caffeine synthase endosperm developing 668585 2.1.1.276 gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase endosperm predominant expression -, 725654 2.1.1.77 protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase endosperm - 757817 2.3.1.15 glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase endosperm - 486382 2.3.1.158 phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase endosperm both PDAT1A and PDAT2 are expressed in the developing endosperm, with PDAT2 showing double the transcript levels of PDAT1A. No expression of RcPDAT1B in castor endosperm 720737 2.3.1.20 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase endosperm - 675754 2.3.1.20 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase endosperm CoDGAT2 is highly expressed in coconut pulp approximately 7 months after pollination. CoDGAT2 is highly expressed in endosperm developmental stage 1, decreases significantly at stage 2, and is then restored to the same level as in stage 1 756862 2.3.1.41 beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I endosperm enzyme expression is most substantial in the endosperm at 8 and 15 months 737010 2.3.1.41 beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I endosperm highest expression in developing endosperm at 8 and 15 months 758028 2.3.1.51 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase endosperm - 487206, 737242 2.3.1.51 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase endosperm immature 487198, 487201 2.3.1.72 indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase endosperm immature 660072 2.3.3.9 malate synthase endosperm - 638470, 638483, 701928 2.4.1.1 glycogen phosphorylase endosperm - 660145 2.4.1.1 glycogen phosphorylase endosperm Pho activity is observed in highly purified amyloplast extracts prepared from developing wheat endosperms. Protein and enzyme activity increase throughout the period of starch synthesis 705365 2.4.1.117 dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase endosperm - 488487 2.4.1.117 dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase endosperm culture 488483 2.4.1.121 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase endosperm - 488522 2.4.1.121 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase endosperm cultured 488523 2.4.1.121 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase endosperm immature 488525 2.4.1.123 inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase endosperm LeGOLS-1 mRNA is present in endosperm caps 638603 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase endosperm - 488548, 488556, 488561, 488562, 660141, 703820, 736972, 756999, 757335 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase endosperm at 3 d and 10 d after flowering, SUS protein localized to the silique wall, seed coat, funiculus, and endosperm. By 13 d after flowering, SUS protein is detected in the embryo and aleurone layer, but is absent from the seed coat and funiculus 688095 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase endosperm isoform SUS3 756999 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase endosperm mRNA levels of CaSUS2 is undetectable in young endosperm, but increased towards the ripening of endosperm tissues 675142 2.4.1.14 sucrose-phosphate synthase endosperm the level of SPS transcript is 10fold lower in endosperm than in leaf but the level of SPS protein is comparable and the activity is 2fold higher 659949 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm - -, 488894, 636923, 636926, 636931, 636946, 636952, 658801, 659792, 660247, 660511, 702734, 702757, 704889, 706359, 736465, 737042 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm developing hexaploid. Enzyme form WBE-II is expressed at a constant level through mid and late endosperm development. Enzyme forms WBE-IAD and WBE-IB are preferentially expressed in late endosperm development 636950 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm expression of starch-branching enzymes IIb 660206 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm SBE enzyme activity in endosperm of accession Y59 is obviously higher than that in Y63 at early developmental stag. Accumulation rates of both amylopectin and starch are significantly correlated to the SBE activities in the two accessions. Expression of SBE I in Y59 is higher than that in Y63 from 5 days after pollination to day 23. The higher starch and amylopectin contents of Y59 than that of Y63 maybe result from that Y59 has and earlier initiating accumulation time and a greater accumulation rate 737270 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm SBE IIb is the major isoform in endosperm 660136 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm specific expression of starch-branching enzymes IIb 660207 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme endosperm starch branching enzyme IIb is expressed at low levels in the endosperm compared to other cereals and encoded at a non-syntenic locus 660327 2.4.1.21 starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) endosperm - 488894, 488902, 488904, 488922, 676591, 706349, 720129, 720746, 735862, 736158, 737042, 756775, 758026 2.4.1.21 starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) endosperm SSIIa protein is present even in Nipponbare endosperm but is not associated with starch granules at the milky stage of endosperm 658803 2.4.1.21 starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) endosperm starch synthase I and II 488930 2.4.1.242 NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase endosperm - -, 692451, 704866, 705654, 706256, 706746, 722432, 722897, 735886, 737040 2.4.1.242 NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase endosperm isozyme GBSSI 488924 2.4.1.25 4-alpha-glucanotransferase endosperm the enzyme is present in the amyloplast of developing endosperm 676711 2.4.1.46 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase endosperm and anther, main expression site 756811 2.4.1.83 dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase endosperm - 488483 2.4.1.B52 mixed-linkage glucan endotransglucosylase endosperm - 759982 2.4.2.19 nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) endosperm endosperm of etiolated seedlings 638016 2.4.2.24 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase endosperm enzyme activity varies according to developmental stage of the endosperm, overview 660079 2.4.2.40 zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase endosperm - 638314, 638315 2.4.2.40 zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase endosperm callus 638314 2.5.1.112 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) endosperm - 689564 2.5.1.112 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) endosperm predominant expression of isoform IPT4 660174 2.5.1.112 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) endosperm predominant expression of isoform IPT8 660174 2.5.1.116 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase endosperm expressed primarily in seed endosperm -, 726173 2.5.1.27 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase endosperm chalazal 660174 2.5.1.29 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase endosperm - 676609 2.5.1.32 15-cis-phytoene synthase endosperm - 637883, 676578 2.5.1.32 15-cis-phytoene synthase endosperm carotenoid accumulation in endosperm requires expression of isoform PSY1. Total carotenoid content correlates with endosperm transcript levels at day 20 after pollination for PSY1, but not for isoforms PSY2 or PSY3 689617 2.6.1.27 tryptophan transaminase endosperm - 723349 2.7.1.1 hexokinase endosperm - 676714 2.7.1.1 hexokinase endosperm HXK6 676714 2.7.1.1 hexokinase endosperm HXK8 676714 2.7.1.105 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase endosperm - 640315 2.7.1.11 6-phosphofructokinase endosperm - 640422, 640440 2.7.1.158 inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase endosperm midstage 676634 2.7.1.158 inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase endosperm midstage, ZmIPK1A 676634 2.7.1.32 choline kinase endosperm - 641364 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase endosperm developing 641567, 641569 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase endosperm developing endosperm 676689 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase endosperm germinating (from 5 days old seedlings) 641568 2.7.1.90 diphosphate-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase endosperm - 642086, 642089, 642092, 642097, 723470 2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinase endosperm - 740495 2.7.13.3 histidine kinase endosperm - -, 740350 2.7.13.3 histidine kinase endosperm HK1 is a receptor component with spatially restricted expression in the syncytial endosperm where endosperm transfer cells emerge 762137 2.7.2.4 aspartate kinase endosperm - 681136 2.7.4.6 nucleoside-diphosphate kinase endosperm moderate expression 761209 2.7.7.15 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase endosperm - 642901 2.7.7.15 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase endosperm postgermination 642899 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm - -, 643113, 643114, 643120, 643121, 643140, 643141, 643144, 643153, 643154, 643156, 643157, 643158, 643160, 643162, 643165, 643169, 663092, 663141, 663145, 675483, 676561, 694714, 694760, 706292, 706322, 706326, 706334, 739369 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm 22 days old 643138 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm bacterial glgC-TM gene, which codes for catalytically active, allosteric-insensitive enzyme, is introduced into seeds of Oryza sativa using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The TM enzyme is expressed in the cytoplasm or amyloplast in Oryza sativa endosperm 663169 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm early stage 676561 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm early stages 676561 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm enzyme small subunit Bt2 675483 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm maize 643141, 643144 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm OsAGPS2b and OsAGPL2 are the major isoforms 676561 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase endosperm presence of small subunit Hv.1b 675143 2.7.7.9 UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase endosperm - 643753 2.7.8.1 ethanolaminephosphotransferase endosperm - 644412 2.7.8.11 CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase endosperm - 645298 2.7.8.7 holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase endosperm - 645397 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm constitutively expressed with a high expression in developing endosperm 761294 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm cytosolic mRNA of OsPPDKB is induced in the reproductive organs after pollination, and greatly increases until about 10 days after fertilization. This mRNA is localized mainly in the endosperm, aleurone, and scutellum of the developing kernel 663095 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm pdk2 accounts for the large majority of endosperm pyruvate phosphate dikinase 762279 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm proteomic study of maize endosperm development, PPDK is important, overview 676626 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm time course analysis of seven developmental stages of maize, 4-40 days after pollination, significant PPDK accumulation at 21 days after pollination 676626 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase endosperm transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic analysis of maize endosperm development, PPDK is important, overview 691572 2.7.9.4 alpha-glucan, water dikinase endosperm - 723376 3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase endosperm low activity compare to the embryo 665266 3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase endosperm restricted to 665576 3.1.2.6 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase endosperm - 732633 3.1.3.10 glucose-1-phosphatase endosperm - 134584 3.1.3.26 4-phytase endosperm concerted action of endogenous phytase, EC 3.1.3.26, and heterologous phytase from Aspergillus niger, EC 3.1.3.8, on phytic acid degradation in seed of transgenic Triticum aestivum L. 654003 3.1.3.93 L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase endosperm - 751922 3.1.30.2 Serratia marcescens nuclease endosperm - 730587 3.1.4.4 phospholipase D endosperm - 709890 3.2.1.1 alpha-amylase endosperm - 666677, 751835 3.2.1.117 amygdalin beta-glucosidase endosperm - 706999 3.2.1.118 prunasin beta-glucosidase endosperm - 706999, 732652 3.2.1.2 beta-amylase endosperm - 666677 3.2.1.2 beta-amylase endosperm beta-amylase activity is uniformly shared by endosperm and bran 730107 3.2.1.2 beta-amylase endosperm BMY is stored in seeds bound to starchy endosperm possibly through S-S bridges, during germination the enzyme is released by proteolytic cleavage resulting in a smaller enzyme form 666557 3.2.1.2 beta-amylase endosperm endosperm-specific isozyme beta-amylase1, Bmy1 664675 3.2.1.20 alpha-glucosidase endosperm - 718234 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase endosperm - 171202, 171204 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase endosperm alpha-galactosidase II 171192 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase endosperm micropylar and lateral -, 656396 3.2.1.25 beta-mannosidase endosperm enzyme form B 136043 3.2.1.26 beta-fructofuranosidase endosperm - 730638 3.2.1.26 beta-fructofuranosidase endosperm localization of the cell wall-bound isozyme in the transfer cell layer 666992 3.2.1.39 glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase endosperm after germination, exclusively in micropylar region, after wounding, also in lateral endosperm 656394 3.2.1.41 pullulanase endosperm kernels 136437 3.2.1.52 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase endosperm form II 393674 3.2.1.52 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase endosperm forms I and II 393673 3.2.1.68 isoamylase endosperm - 136814, 657126, 682469, 716495, 716600, 716622, 751948, 752159 3.2.1.68 isoamylase endosperm only ISA1, no ISA2 732655 3.2.1.68 isoamylase endosperm the ISA1 homomer does not provide the full physiological function of ISA activity in maize leaves. This is in contrast to the endosperm, where loss of ISA2, and thus the ISA1/ISA2 heteromeric enzyme, can be tolerated without major defects 732581 3.2.1.78 mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase endosperm - 208784, 208785, 208786, 208787, 208788, 208791, 208796, 208798, 208799, 208800, 678989, 682949, 716654 3.2.2.22 rRNA N-glycosylase endosperm - 664811, 665864, 714784 3.2.2.22 rRNA N-glycosylase endosperm accumulation in protein storage vacuoles 664180 3.3.2.10 soluble epoxide hydrolase endosperm - 657132, 663275 3.4.22.34 Legumain endosperm - 732246 3.4.22.34 Legumain endosperm developing endosperms of 18 days after flowering, inhibitory effects by cystatins against endogenous legumain activity in barley protein extracts analyzed 679859 3.4.22.34 Legumain endosperm late stage of seed maturation 668777 3.4.22.B1 vignain endosperm - 670681 3.4.22.B1 vignain endosperm ricinosomes 669827 3.5.1.98 histone deacetylase endosperm - 711072 3.5.2.5 allantoinase endosperm - 246664 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase endosperm significantly increased FAC1 expression in the zygote, early embryo and endosperm 670556 4.1.1.19 arginine decarboxylase endosperm - 681617 4.1.1.20 diaminopimelate decarboxylase endosperm - 4118 4.1.1.25 tyrosine decarboxylase endosperm - 702831 4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase endosperm on early stages of seed development, enzyme protein is abundant in embryo and integuments, while at subsequent stages the enzyme accumulats in endosperm, nucellus and integuments. At late stages of seed development when both endosperm and nucellus are degraded, significant accumulation is observed in the embryo proper 663156 4.1.1.39 ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase endosperm - 4465 4.1.3.1 isocitrate lyase endosperm - 33123, 33129, 653476 4.2.1.104 cyanase endosperm - 705382 4.2.1.11 phosphopyruvate hydratase endosperm developing 33620 4.3.1.24 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase endosperm - 688652 4.3.1.24 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase endosperm from seddlings, 74 kDa isozyme 693878 5.1.3.5 UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase endosperm - 716598 5.2.1.13 prolycopene isomerase endosperm the transcript of Zmcrtiso1 increases throughout endosperm development to day 25 after pollination. Until 30 after pollination the level decreases 713563 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase endosperm - 2853, 2854 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase endosperm immature 2859 5.3.3.2 isopentenyl-diphosphate DELTA-isomerase endosperm developing 2934 5.3.4.1 protein disulfide-isomerase endosperm - 3050, 3056, 3058, 716521, 747425 5.3.99.6 allene-oxide cyclase endosperm - 701570 5.5.1.13 ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase endosperm - 492245, 492248 5.5.1.4 inositol-3-phosphate synthase endosperm - 693417 5.6.2.1 DNA topoisomerase endosperm - 706352 6.2.1.12 4-coumarate-CoA ligase endosperm - 688652 6.3.4.14 biotin carboxylase endosperm expression of the accA, accB1, accC and accD genes in Jatropha endosperm varies greatly at different developmental stages. The peak expression of the four genes is observed at about 42 days after fertilization when storage lipids are synthesized at their maximal levels 716633 6.4.1.2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase endosperm - 716615 6.5.1.1 DNA ligase (ATP) endosperm - 714802 7.1.3.1 H+-exporting diphosphatase endosperm expression pattern analysis in endosperm and in situ hydridization 670567