Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
betaine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
betaine | elevations in the liver activity | Sus scrofa | |
casein | included in liquid diets | Rattus norvegicus | |
choline | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
choline | elevations in the liver activity, whereas it has no effect in the renal enzyme | Sus scrofa | |
cystine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
ethanol | included in liquid diets | Rattus norvegicus | |
ethanol | increases in BHMT activity are only observed when 4-methylpyrazole is included in the treatment | Mesocricetus auratus | |
Insulin | is effective in counteracting the stimulation of BHMT activity and mRNA levels produced by triamcinolone in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells | Rattus norvegicus | |
methionine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | diet exhibits elevations of hepatic BHMT activity | Ovis aries | |
additional information | diet increases BHMT activity with small elevations in expression | Rattus norvegicus | |
Triamcinolone | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
medicine | Zucker diabetic fatty rats show increased BHMT activity and mRNA levels | Rattus norvegicus |
additional information | sequence of the pseudogene BHMT2 shows 97% homology to mouse BHMT | Mus musculus |
Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
by multiple anomalous diffraction | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
G199S | in vascular patients with hyperhomocysteinemia | Homo sapiens |
additional information | changes at positions E159 and Y77 show the largest decreases in activity, but D26 and F74 seem to have a role in betaine binding, whereas E21 and C186 also influence L-homocysteine binding | Rattus norvegicus |
R239Q | no significant association with the severity and extent of hyperhomocysteinemia | Homo sapiens |
R346A | shows alterations in the association state | Rattus norvegicus |
W352A | shows alterations in the association state | Rattus norvegicus |
Y363A | shows alterations in the association state | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | hypertonicity induces a decrease in BHMT mRNA and protein levels in liver and kidney | Cavia porcellus |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | - |
betaine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
0.12 | - |
L-homocysteine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
2.4 | - |
betaine | - |
Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
basolateral plasma membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 16323 | - |
canalicular membrane | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
cytosol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
cytosol | - |
Sus scrofa | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Zn2+ | - |
Homo sapiens |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
40300 | - |
sequence analysis of BHMT2 | Mus musculus |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Cavia porcellus | - |
- |
- |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Macaca mulatta | - |
- |
- |
Mesocricetus auratus | - |
- |
- |
Mus musculus | - |
C57BL/6J mice | - |
Mus musculus C57/BL6J | - |
C57BL/6J mice | - |
Ovis aries | - |
- |
- |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Sus scrofa | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Homo sapiens |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
- |
Sus scrofa |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
H4IIE cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Hep-G2 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
hepatoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
kidney | - |
Cavia porcellus | - |
kidney | - |
Mus musculus | - |
kidney | very low activity | Rattus norvegicus | - |
kidney | cortex, low activity | Sus scrofa | - |
kidney | low activity, involved in regulation of its tonicity | Homo sapiens | - |
lens | represents 0.5-10% of the total protein, presence of BHMT can be related to its role in betaine removal when osmotic stress disappears, a key process, since osmotic swelling is a major factor in the development of some types of cataracts | Macaca mulatta | - |
liver | - |
Cavia porcellus | - |
liver | - |
Ovis aries | - |
liver | very abundant | Mus musculus | - |
liver | very abundant | Rattus norvegicus | - |
liver | very abundant | Sus scrofa | - |
liver | very abundant, involved in regulation of its tonicity | Homo sapiens | - |
pancreas | highest levels of activity | Ovis aries | - |
proximal tubule | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
proximal tubule | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-homocysteine + betaine | - |
Homo sapiens | L-methionine + dimethylglycine | - |
? | |
L-homocysteine + betaine | this reaction processes 25% of the cellular L-homocysteine in an in vitro model | Rattus norvegicus | L-methionine + dimethylglycine | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
tetramer | crystallization data and sedimentation velocity experiments | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
BHMT | - |
Cavia porcellus |
BHMT | - |
Mus musculus |
BHMT | - |
Homo sapiens |
BHMT | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
BHMT | - |
Sus scrofa |
BHMT | - |
Ovis aries |
BHMT | - |
Mesocricetus auratus |
BHMT | - |
Macaca mulatta |
BHMT2 | - |
Mus musculus |