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Literature summary for 1.1.1.81 extracted from
- Identification of catalytically important amino acid residues for enzymatic reduction of glyoxylate in plants (2013), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1834, 2663-2671.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene HPR3, sequence comparisons of GLYR genes and HPR genes | Arabidopsis thaliana |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.1 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | GLYR1, at pH 7.8 and 22°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chloroplast | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 9507 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
| peroxisome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5777 | - |
| plastid | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 9536 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-glycerate + NAD+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
| D-glycerate + NADP+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
| additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana | HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH and converts glycerate to hydroxypyruvate, the purified recombinant HPR3 shows similar activity with hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana | the recombinant AtHPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate. Isozyme AtHPR1 also converts glyoxylate to glycolate, albeit with much lower catalytic efficiency than for hydroxypyruvate | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana | the recombinant AtHPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH but utilizes hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate similarly | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | A0A178WMD4 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | A0A1I9LPQ6 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9C9W5 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9CA90 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9LE33 | - |
- |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-glycerate + NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
| D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NAD+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | isoform HPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NAD+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | isoform HPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH but utilizes hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate similarly | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NAD+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ | isoform HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH and glyoxylate over hydroxypyvruvate | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NAD+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | isoform HPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | isoform HPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH but utilizes hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate similarly | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ | isoform HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH and glyoxylate over hydroxypyvruvate | Arabidopsis thaliana | D-glycerate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme GLYR1 has negligible hydroxypyruvate dependent activity with NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH and converts glycerate to hydroxypyruvate, the purified recombinant HPR3 shows similar activity with hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the recombinant AtHPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate. Isozyme AtHPR1 also converts glyoxylate to glycolate, albeit with much lower catalytic efficiency than for hydroxypyruvate | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the recombinant AtHPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH but utilizes hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate similarly | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycerate dehydrogenase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GLYR1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR1 | isoform | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR2 | isoform | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPR3 | isoform | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| More | cf. EC 1.1.1.26 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.8 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | recombinant HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| additional information | the recombinant AtHPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADH | isoform HPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADH | isoform HPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADH | isoform HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADP+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADPH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADPH | isoform HPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADPH | isoform HPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| NADPH | isoform HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the enzyme belongs to the beta-HAD (beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase) protein family. AtHPR2 and AtHPR3 are 45% identical to each other at the amino acid level, but only 19-25% identical to AtHPR1, the NADH-dependent form, and 8-9% identical to the AtGLYRs. None of the AtHPRs contains the active-site residues conserved in AtGLYR1 and AtGLYR2, indicating that the sites responsible for reducing glyoxylate differ greatly between the AtGLYRs and AtHPRs | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | hydroxypyruvate reductase activity is important in the recycling of metabolites derived during photorespiration | Arabidopsis thaliana |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.232 | - |
Hydroxypyruvate | GLYR1, at pH 7.8 and 22°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
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