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Literature summary for 1.1.1.40 extracted from

  • Li, Z.; Sun, H.; Mo, X.; Li, X.; Xu, B.; Tian, P.
    Overexpression of malic enzyme (ME) of Mucor circinelloides improved lipid accumulation in engineered Rhodotorula glutinis (2012), Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 97, 4927-4936.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expressed in Rhodotorula glutinis strain GM4 Mucor circinelloides
functional recombinant enzyme expression in Rhodotorula glutinis strain GM4, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha Mucor circinelloides
ME gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, recombinant enzyme expression of the enzyme in Rhodotorula glutinis strain GM4 using the PGK1 promoter, a strong constitutive promoter of yeast PGK1 gene, co-expression with the PGK1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mucor circinelloides

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information expression of the enzyme from Mucor circinelloides as a strategy to improve lipid content inside the Rhodotorula glutinis yeast cells, overview. Heterologous expression of NADP+-dependent ME involved in fatty acid biosynthesis increases the lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis Mucor circinelloides
additional information expression of malic enzyme from Mucor circinelloides as a strategy to improve lipid content inside the cells. The 26S rDNA and 5.8S rDNA gene fragments, with PGK1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 2.1445, isolated from Rhodotorula glutinis strain GM4 are used for homologous integration of the malc enzyme gene into Rhodotorula glutinis chromosome under the control of the constitutively highly expressed gene phosphoglycerate kinase 1 resulting in stable expression. Improvment of the lipid content by more than twofold. There are no significant differences in fatty acid profiles between the wild-type strain and the recombinant strain of Rhodotorula glutinis Mucor circinelloides

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
sesamol added to the medium, inhibits best at 9 mM; a specific inhibitor of the enzyme; strong inhibition at 10 mM Mucor circinelloides

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
(S)-malate + NADP+ Mucor circinelloides
-
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+ Mucor circinelloides
-
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+ Mucor circinelloides CBS 108.16
-
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mucor circinelloides
-
-
-
Mucor circinelloides A6XP72
-
-
Mucor circinelloides CBS 108.16 A6XP72
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
Mucor circinelloides pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
Mucor circinelloides pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
Mucor circinelloides CBS 108.16 pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
malic enzyme
-
Mucor circinelloides

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
assay at Mucor circinelloides

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADP+
-
Mucor circinelloides
NADP+ dependent on Mucor circinelloides
NADPH
-
Mucor circinelloides

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis Mucor circinelloides