Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analyssis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
chloroplast | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 9507 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NAD+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
(S)-malate + NAD+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SN86 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | isozyme pdNAD-MDH is expressed in green and nongreen tissues throughout development and the diurnal cycle | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NAD+ | reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate | Arabidopsis thaliana | oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | (S)-malate + NAD+ | - |
r | |
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate | Arabidopsis thaliana | (S)-malate + NAD+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
pdNAD-MDH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NADH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | a pdnad-mdh null mutation is embryo lethal. Plants with reduced pdNAD-MDH levels by means of artificial microRNA (miR-mdh-1) are viable, but dark metabolism is altered as reflected by increased nighttime malate, starch, and glutathione levels and a reduced respiration rate. pdNAD-MDH Silencing Results in small and pale green plants, phenotype, overvew. In addition, miR-mdh-1 plants exhibit strong pleiotropic effects, including dwarfism, reductions in chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rate, and daytime carbohydrate levels, and disordered chloroplast ultrastructure, particularly in developing leaves, compared with the wild type. pdNAD-MDH deficiency in miR-mdh-1 can be functionally complemented by expression of a microRNA-insensitive pdNAD-MDH but not NADP-MDH, confirming distinct roles for NAD- and NADP-linked redox homeostasis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | in illuminated chloroplasts, one mechanism involved in reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis is the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle. Excess electrons from photosynthetic electron transport in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced are used by NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH), EC 1.1.1.82, to reduce oxaloacetate to malate, thus regenerating the electron acceptor NADP. NADP-MDH is a strictly redox-regulated, light-activated enzyme that is inactive in the dark. In the dark or in nonphotosynthetic tissues, the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle was proposed to be mediated by the constitutively active plastidial NAD-specific MDH isoform (pdNAD-MDH), but evidence is scarce. Critical role of pdNAD-MDH in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Distinct roles for NAD- and NADP-linked redox homeostasis. pdNAD-MDH influences chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic metabolism | Arabidopsis thaliana |