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Literature summary for 1.1.1.237 extracted from

  • Ma, P.; Liu, J.; Zhang, C.; Liang, Z.
    Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (2013), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 170, 1253-1262.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene SmHPPR, semiquantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis Salvia miltiorrhiza

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information overexpression of HPPR does not lead to the enhancement of phenolic acid production in comparison with control. Single HPPR transgenic lines and TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines present much higher rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid B accumulation. Although possessing a relatively low TAT and HPPR transcript level compared with the single-gene transgenic lines, the TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines produce over 16.1times rosmarinic acid and 18.8times lithospermic acid B than that in control lines. TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines possess the lowest accumulation level of homogentisic acid, a compound involved in the competitive branch of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and produced by HPPD from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid precursor. This most likely suggested a metabolic flux shift from the homogentisic acid branch to the rosmarinic acid pathway Salvia miltiorrhiza

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ Salvia miltiorrhiza
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3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Salvia miltiorrhiza A0A0A7RFJ3
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-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
hairy root
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Salvia miltiorrhiza
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leaf
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Salvia miltiorrhiza
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additional information the enzyme gene expression is the highest in stem, the second in root, and lowest in leaf Salvia miltiorrhiza
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root
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Salvia miltiorrhiza
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stem
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Salvia miltiorrhiza
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+
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Salvia miltiorrhiza 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+
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?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
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Salvia miltiorrhiza
HPPR
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Salvia miltiorrhiza

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADH
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Salvia miltiorrhiza

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Salvia miltiorrhiza UV-B radiation and hydrogen peroxide treatments downregulate SmHPPR transcription level down
Salvia miltiorrhiza methyljasmonate, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid 3, and abscisic acid treatments upregulate SmHPPR transcription level up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid via the tyrosine-derived pathway, tyrosine is metabolized to 4-hydroxyphenyllactate by tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT, EC 2.6.1.5) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR, EC 1.1.1.237), pathway overview. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase transforms 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate acid to homogentisic acid, therefore competing for the same substrate with HPPR in the tyrosine-derived pathway. Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza via regulators at molecular level, such as the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase gene (4CL), tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase gene (HPPR), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase gene (HPPD), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase-like gene (RAS-like), and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog 4 gene (MYB4), and production of anthocyanin pigmentation 1 gene (AtPAP1), and via regulators at cell level, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines, metal ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultraviolet-B radiation, and yeast elicitor, overview Salvia miltiorrhiza
physiological function enzyme HPPR catalyzes the first specific biosynthetic step in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine Salvia miltiorrhiza