Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene SmHPPR, semiquantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis | Salvia miltiorrhiza |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | overexpression of HPPR does not lead to the enhancement of phenolic acid production in comparison with control. Single HPPR transgenic lines and TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines present much higher rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid B accumulation. Although possessing a relatively low TAT and HPPR transcript level compared with the single-gene transgenic lines, the TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines produce over 16.1times rosmarinic acid and 18.8times lithospermic acid B than that in control lines. TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines possess the lowest accumulation level of homogentisic acid, a compound involved in the competitive branch of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and produced by HPPD from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid precursor. This most likely suggested a metabolic flux shift from the homogentisic acid branch to the rosmarinic acid pathway | Salvia miltiorrhiza |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ | Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Salvia miltiorrhiza | A0A0A7RFJ3 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
hairy root | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
leaf | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
additional information | the enzyme gene expression is the highest in stem, the second in root, and lowest in leaf | Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
root | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
stem | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza |
HPPR | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADH | - |
Salvia miltiorrhiza |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Salvia miltiorrhiza | UV-B radiation and hydrogen peroxide treatments downregulate SmHPPR transcription level | down |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | methyljasmonate, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid 3, and abscisic acid treatments upregulate SmHPPR transcription level | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid via the tyrosine-derived pathway, tyrosine is metabolized to 4-hydroxyphenyllactate by tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT, EC 2.6.1.5) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR, EC 1.1.1.237), pathway overview. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase transforms 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate acid to homogentisic acid, therefore competing for the same substrate with HPPR in the tyrosine-derived pathway. Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza via regulators at molecular level, such as the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase gene (4CL), tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase gene (HPPR), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase gene (HPPD), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase-like gene (RAS-like), and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog 4 gene (MYB4), and production of anthocyanin pigmentation 1 gene (AtPAP1), and via regulators at cell level, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines, metal ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultraviolet-B radiation, and yeast elicitor, overview | Salvia miltiorrhiza |
physiological function | enzyme HPPR catalyzes the first specific biosynthetic step in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine | Salvia miltiorrhiza |