Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene DFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Fragaria x ananassa |
gene DFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Fragaria vesca |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0004 | - |
dihydroquercetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
0.0004 | - |
dihydrokaempferol | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
0.0023 | - |
dihydromyricetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria vesca | - |
leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
leucodelphinidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria vesca | - |
leucodelphinidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | Fragaria vesca | - |
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PTI9 | cv. Alexandria and cv. Red Wonder | - |
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PTJ4 | cv. Alexandria | - |
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PV90 | cv. Red Wonder | - |
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PVL2 | cvs. Alexandria and Red Wonder | - |
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PVL5 | cv. Alexandria | - |
Fragaria vesca | A0A0A0PXZ7 | cv. Red Wonder | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | A0A0A0PTJ7 | Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | A0A0A0PVL7 | Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | O22617 | Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | Q5UL14 | Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
flower | expression in early and late flowering | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
flower | expression in early and late flowering | Fragaria vesca | - |
flower | expression in early flowering | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
flower | expression in early flowering | Fragaria vesca | - |
flower | expression in late flowering | Fragaria vesca | - |
fruit | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | - |
additional information | quantitative expression of DFR1 and DFR2 normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in receptacle and achenes of Fragaria fruits during the different stages of fruit development, overview | Fragaria x ananassa | - |
additional information | quantitative expression of DFR1 and DFR2 normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in receptacle and achenes of Fragaria fruits during the different stages of fruit development, overview | Fragaria vesca | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria vesca | leucopelargonidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | leucodelphinidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria vesca | leucodelphinidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Fragaria vesca | cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+ | - |
? | |
additional information | DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria x ananassa | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria vesca | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
DFR | - |
Fragaria x ananassa |
DFR | - |
Fragaria vesca |
DFR1 | - |
Fragaria x ananassa |
DFR1 | - |
Fragaria vesca |
DFR2 | - |
Fragaria x ananassa |
DFR2 | - |
Fragaria vesca |
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase | - |
Fragaria x ananassa |
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase | - |
Fragaria vesca |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
40 | - |
- |
Fragaria x ananassa |
Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
30 | - |
stable up to | Fragaria x ananassa |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1 | - |
dihydroquercetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
11.2 | - |
dihydromyricetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
11.4 | - |
dihydrokaempferol | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
5.8 | 6.3 | dependent on the substrate | Fragaria x ananassa |
6 | - |
- |
Fragaria x ananassa |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Fragaria x ananassa | |
NADPH | - |
Fragaria vesca |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | differences in the fruit colour of the two Fragaria species Fragaria vesca and Fragaria ananassa can be explained by the higher expression of DFR1 in Fragaria ananassa as compared to Fragaria vesca, a higher enzyme efficiency of DFR1 combined with the loss of F3'H activity late in fruit development of Fragaria ananassa | Fragaria x ananassa |
additional information | differences in the fruit colour of the two Fragaria species Fragaria vesca and Fragaria ananassa can be explained by the higher expression of DFR1 in Fragaria ananassa as compared to Fragaria vesca, a higher enzyme efficiency of DFR1 combined with the loss of F3'H activity late in fruit development of Fragaria ananassa | Fragaria vesca |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria x ananassa |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria vesca |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyaninpigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria x ananassa |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence onthe formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria x ananassa |
physiological function | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence onthe formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates | Fragaria vesca |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4870 | - |
dihydromyricetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
7750 | - |
dihydroquercetin | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa | |
28500 | - |
dihydrokaempferol | pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Fragaria x ananassa |