Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(literature.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

Literature summary for 1.1.1.219 extracted from

  • Miosic, S.; Thill, J.; Milosevic, M.; Gosch, C.; Pober, S.; Molitor, C.; Ejaz, S.; Rompel, A.; Stich, K.; Halbwirth, H.
    Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase genes encode enzymes with contrasting substrate specificity and show divergent gene expression profiles in Fragaria species (2014), PLoS ONE, 9, e112707.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene DFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fragaria x ananassa
gene DFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fragaria vesca

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.0004
-
dihydroquercetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
0.0004
-
dihydrokaempferol pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
0.0023
-
dihydromyricetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ Fragaria x ananassa
-
leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ Fragaria vesca
-
leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ Fragaria x ananassa
-
leucodelphinidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+ Fragaria vesca
-
leucodelphinidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ Fragaria x ananassa
-
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+ Fragaria vesca
-
cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PTI9 cv. Alexandria and cv. Red Wonder
-
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PTJ4 cv. Alexandria
-
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PV90 cv. Red Wonder
-
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PVL2 cvs. Alexandria and Red Wonder
-
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PVL5 cv. Alexandria
-
Fragaria vesca A0A0A0PXZ7 cv. Red Wonder
-
Fragaria x ananassa A0A0A0PTJ7 Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta
-
Fragaria x ananassa A0A0A0PVL7 Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta
-
Fragaria x ananassa O22617 Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta
-
Fragaria x ananassa Q5UL14 Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana, cv. Elsanta
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
flower expression in early and late flowering Fragaria x ananassa
-
flower expression in early and late flowering Fragaria vesca
-
flower expression in early flowering Fragaria x ananassa
-
flower expression in early flowering Fragaria vesca
-
flower expression in late flowering Fragaria vesca
-
fruit
-
Fragaria x ananassa
-
additional information quantitative expression of DFR1 and DFR2 normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in receptacle and achenes of Fragaria fruits during the different stages of fruit development, overview Fragaria x ananassa
-
additional information quantitative expression of DFR1 and DFR2 normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in receptacle and achenes of Fragaria fruits during the different stages of fruit development, overview Fragaria vesca
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria x ananassa leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria vesca leucopelargonidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria x ananassa leucodelphinidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydromyricetin + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria vesca leucodelphinidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria x ananassa cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?
dihydroquercetin + NADPH + H+
-
Fragaria vesca cis-3,4-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
?
additional information DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria x ananassa ?
-
?
additional information DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria vesca ?
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
DFR
-
Fragaria x ananassa
DFR
-
Fragaria vesca
DFR1
-
Fragaria x ananassa
DFR1
-
Fragaria vesca
DFR2
-
Fragaria x ananassa
DFR2
-
Fragaria vesca
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
-
Fragaria x ananassa
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
-
Fragaria vesca

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
40
-
-
Fragaria x ananassa

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
stable up to Fragaria x ananassa

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
3.1
-
dihydroquercetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
11.2
-
dihydromyricetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
11.4
-
dihydrokaempferol pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
5.8 6.3 dependent on the substrate Fragaria x ananassa
6
-
-
Fragaria x ananassa

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Fragaria x ananassa
NADPH
-
Fragaria vesca

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
additional information differences in the fruit colour of the two Fragaria species Fragaria vesca and Fragaria ananassa can be explained by the higher expression of DFR1 in Fragaria ananassa as compared to Fragaria vesca, a higher enzyme efficiency of DFR1 combined with the loss of F3'H activity late in fruit development of Fragaria ananassa Fragaria x ananassa
additional information differences in the fruit colour of the two Fragaria species Fragaria vesca and Fragaria ananassa can be explained by the higher expression of DFR1 in Fragaria ananassa as compared to Fragaria vesca, a higher enzyme efficiency of DFR1 combined with the loss of F3'H activity late in fruit development of Fragaria ananassa Fragaria vesca
physiological function dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria x ananassa
physiological function dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria vesca
physiological function dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence on the formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyaninpigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria x ananassa
physiological function dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence onthe formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria x ananassa
physiological function dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR, is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the keto group in position 4 of dihydroflavonols to produce flavan 3,4-diols (synonym: leucoanthocyanidins), which are the immediate precursors for the formation of anthocyanidins and flavan 3-ols, the building blocks of condensed tannins. DFR competes with flavonol synthase for dihydroflavonols as common substrates and therefore interferes with flavonol formation. Enzyme DFR has a strong influence onthe formation of at least 3 classes of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, flavanols (which provide protection against herbivore, pests and pathogens), and flavonols (which act as sunscreens). DFR exhibits selectivity for the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoid substrates Fragaria vesca

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4870
-
dihydromyricetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
7750
-
dihydroquercetin pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa
28500
-
dihydrokaempferol pH 6.3, temperature not specified in the publication Fragaria x ananassa