Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | enzyme downregulation by siRNA expression | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
fidarestat | significantly inhibits the enzyme activity as well as the enzyme expression | Homo sapiens |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | P15121 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
epithelium | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
lung | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
SAEC cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AKR1B1 | gene name, UniProt | Homo sapiens |
aldose reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | fidarestat significantly inhibits the enzyme activity as well as the enzyme expression | down |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | fidarestat inhibits acrolein-induced translocation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad from cytosol to the mitochondria, and that of Bcl2 and BclXL from mitochondria to cytosol. Acrolein-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria is also prevented by aldose reductase inhibition. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), stress-activated protein kinases/c-jun NH2-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) and p38MAPK, and c-jun are transiently activated in airway epithelial cells by acrolein in a concentration and time-dependent fashion, which are significantly prevented by enzyme aldose reductase inhibition. Enzyme inhibitors prevent acrolein-induced cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | aldose reductase is a stress response protein and a metabolic enzyme that is known to detoxify aldehydes besides reducing glucose to sorbitol in hyperglycemia. Aldose reductase regulates acrolein-induced cytotoxicity in small airway epithelial cells and prevents acrolein-induced DNA damage. Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that arises from incomplete combustion of plastic materials, forest fires, cigarette smoke, and pyrolyzed animal and vegetable fats. Acrolein causes apoptosis in number of cell types including keratinocytes, neutrophils and airway cells. Role of aldose reductase in acrolein cytotoxicity | Homo sapiens |