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ATP + destomycin A
ADP + 4-O-phosphodestomycin A
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1-N-methyl isomer of hygromycin B
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-
?
ATP + destomycin B
ADP + 4-O-phosphodestomycin B
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1-N-methyl-4',4"-epi hygromycin B
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-
?
ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 4-O-phosphohygromycin B
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phosphorylated product procures hygromcin B resistance
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-
ir
ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B
ATP + hygromycin B2
ADP + 4-O-phosphohygromycin B2
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pseudodisaccharide of D-talose and hyosamine
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-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
hygromycin B + ATP
7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
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resulting in a loss of cell-kill antibiotic activity of hygromycin B
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-
r
additional information
?
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ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B
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-
-
-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
-
-
-
-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
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Growth of Colletotrichum falcatum is completely inhibited at 50 microg/ml, whereas in Colletotrichum acutatum, a concentration of 300 microg/ml is most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth
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-
?
additional information
?
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no phosphorylation of neomycin, kanamycin A and B, streptomycin, dideoxykanamycin B, tobramycin, gentamicin, G418, sisomicin, netilmicin, amikacin, apramycin, ribostamycin, butirosin, lividomycin, and paromomycin by this enzyme
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-
?
additional information
?
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the analogs of destomycin A and B, A23444 (N-demethyl hygromycin B) and SS-56C (N-demethyl-2-hydroxy hygromycin B) with modifications in the cyclitol ring moiety, are phosphoryted by the enzyme
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-
?
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ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 4-O-phosphohygromycin B
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phosphorylated product procures hygromcin B resistance
-
-
ir
ATP + hygromycin B
ADP + 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B
-
-
-
-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
hygromycin B + ATP
7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
-
resulting in a loss of cell-kill antibiotic activity of hygromycin B
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
no phosphorylation of neomycin, kanamycin A and B, streptomycin, dideoxykanamycin B, tobramycin, gentamicin, G418, sisomicin, netilmicin, amikacin, apramycin, ribostamycin, butirosin, lividomycin, and paromomycin by this enzyme
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-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
-
-
-
-
?
hygromycin B + ATP
4-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP
-
Growth of Colletotrichum falcatum is completely inhibited at 50 microg/ml, whereas in Colletotrichum acutatum, a concentration of 300 microg/ml is most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth
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-
?
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wild strain T23
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pRIT1) is used for transformation and the vector pRIT1 has been described previously. T-DNA of pRIT 1 carries the highly active rice Actin 1 promoter with its intron 1 fused with an hpt gene modified at its 3' coding region and the cauliflower virus.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 Rif-R harbouring a cointegrate plasmid pGV2260::pSSJ1 and a binary plasmid pCam-chi11 is used for co-transformation in rice. The T-DNA of the cointegrate vector pGV2260::pSSJ1 carries hph gene from Escherichia coli.
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binary plasmid pIG121Hm containing hpt gene is transformed into Marchantia polymorpha via Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain GV2260)
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Binary vector pCAMBIA-1305.2 contains hphII gene desenced from Escherichia coli, transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Binary vector plasmid pIG121Hm containing hpt gene descending from Escherichia coli.
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gene hph
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hph gene detected in two unapproved transgenic rice lines contaminating vermicelli products
UniProt
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hpt gene for plasmid construction
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Protein sequence is used (vector pCAMBIA1380) for a selectable marker for soybean transformation selection.
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sequence is used in a vector by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method
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strain BL21 (mutant enzyme Hph5 contains 5 amino-acid substitutions with increased thermostability of approximately -257°C in vivo compared with the wild-type protein), and methionine-auxotroph strain B834 (DE3)
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The vector pBHt2 contains a T-DNA harboring hygromycin B resistance (hygromycin phosphotransferase, hph) in the backbone of pCAMBIA1300 descended from Escherichia coli, transformed in Colletrichum acutatum and Colletrichum falcatum via Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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used strains are K-12 derivatives, isolating of a plasmid conferring resistance to the aminocyclitol antibiotic hygromycin B
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D20G/A118V/S225P/Q226L/T246A
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site-directed mutagenesis, mutant gene hpt5, mutant enzyme is stable at up to 67°C in contrary to the wild-type enzyme
S52T
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not confer thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
W238C
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not confer thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
A118V
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is involved in conferring thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
A118V
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mutant enzyme Hph5
A118V
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mutant HPH5 with increased thermostability
D20G
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is involved in conferring thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
D20G
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mutant enzyme Hph5
D20G
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mutant HPH5 with increased thermostability
Q226L
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is involved in conferring thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
Q226L
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mutant enzyme Hph5
Q226L
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mutant HPH5 with increased thermostability
S225P
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is involved in conferring thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
S225P
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mutant enzyme Hph5
S225P
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mutant HPH5 with increased thermostability
T246A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is involved in conferring thermostability at 55°C to the mutant enzyme
T246A
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mutant enzyme Hph5
T246A
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mutant HPH5 with increased thermostability
additional information
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construction of a hygromycin-sensitive Neurospora crassa mutant heterokaryon strain by crossing of a wild-type strain and a stable hygromycin transformant, the enzyme can be reversibly inactivated, overview
additional information
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construction of transgenic Oryza sativa plants expressing the enzyme in leaves, roots, and seeds
additional information
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mutant enzyme containing all mutations shows an increased thermostability of approximately 16°C K in vivo compared with the wild-type protein
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 containing the plasmid pIG121-Hm which harbored intron-containing beta-glucuronidase gene under the control of a 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, hygromycin phosphotransferase gene, and neomycin phosphotransfease gene as reporter genes is used for transformation.
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by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Spores of Marchantia polymorpha are germinated and grown into immature thalli. The 7-day-old immature thalli are co-cultivated with Agrobacterium and transferred directly to selective M51C agar medium after washing. Incubation of immature thalli with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pIG121Hm lead to the formation of hygromycin-resistant plantlets, whereas Agrobacterium carrying no binary plasmid did not. Hygromycin-resistant thalli with rhizoids became distinct 10 days after transfer to the selection agar medium, whereas hygromycin-sensitive plantlets developed into chlorotic cell clumps. To avoid chimerism of hygromycin-resistant thalli, isogenic lines are obtained from gemmae which arise asexually from single initial cells in cupules, and used for further analysis.
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Co-transformation of Oryza sativa L. var. Pusa Basmati1 was done using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harbouring a single-copy cointegrate vector and a multi-copy binary vector in the same cell. The T-DNA of the cointegrate plasmid pGV2260::pSSJ1 carried the hygromycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase genes. The binary vector pCam-chi11, without a plant selectable marker gene, harboured the rice chitinase gene under maize ubiquitin promoter.
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DNA sequence determination and analysis, overexpression of His-tagged enzyme in strain DH5alpha in inclusion bodies
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Embryogenic culture of Alfalfa plant is transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the super binary plasmid pToK233 that encodes for the neomycin phosphotransferase II, hygromycin phosphotransferase and glucuronidase genes in order to design an antibiotic resistant line.
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expression in Escherichia coli
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Expression of hph5 gene in Escherichia coli (strain BL21) and expression of selenomethionine-substituted enzyme in the methionine-auxotroph Escherichia coli strain B834 (DE3)
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gene hph, subcloning in strain DH5alpha, expression in Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-IVA and al-1,mcm
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gene hph, subcloning in strain JM109, expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Thermus thermophilus strain HB27, establishment of the host-vector system using the hpt gene as a selective marker
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hph5 gene is introduced into Thermus thermophilus on a plasmid of eight copies. HPH and HPH5 are PCR amplified and Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) is transformed with the plasmids and cultivated.
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hyg-gene introduced into different sites of both the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 and the Escherichia coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector YRp7. When this gene is inserted into the BamHI site of pBR322 and then cloned in Escherichia coli phosphorylating activity is not detected. When the hyg gene is inserted into either the unique PstI site of the pBR322 or into each of the two PstI sites of YRp7, phosphotransferase activity is observed
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hygromycin B resistance gene is cloned in pBR322, recombinant plasmids pKC241 pKC222 carrying the resistance
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in Colletotrichum falcatum and Colletotrichum acutatum. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) is used by using the vector pBHt2 that contains a t-DNA harboring the hygromycin B resistance gen (hygromycin phosphotransferase, hph) in the backbone of pCAMBIA1300.
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Linearized DNA of plasmid pV2 bearing the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene is inserted into chromosomes of wild strain T23 resulting in improved capability of degrading organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos. Transformation is confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. 76% of transformants show improved dichlorvos degradation ability as compared to the parent strain T23
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Physical parameters for transient transformation are optimized using the UidA gene encoding beta-glucuronidase as the reporter gene and with hygromycin-phosphotransferase (hptII) gene as selectable marker
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Producing many transgenic cyclamen plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbors the binary vector plasmid pIG121Hm, which contains selectable marker genes for hygromycin phosphotransferase and neomycin phosphotransferase is used for transformation.
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Reproducible procedure for transformation of shoot apices and regeneration of transgenic plants for two indica rice cultivars. Shoot apex explants are transformed by cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 101 harbouring the binary plasmid pRIT1. Vector contains an improved hygromycin phosphotransferase gene for hygromycin resistance driven by actin 1 promoter and the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase intron controlled by CaMV 35S promoter.
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subcloning in strain DH5alpha, overexpression of non-tagged enzyme in strain BL21(DE3) in inclusion bodies, method optimization, expression in transgenic rice plants
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The hpt coding region is obtained by a XhoI digestion of the vector pCAMBIA1380 and is cloned into the SalI-cut pBluescript KSII. The EcoRV-XhoI fragment of the hpt coding sequence is ligated with the SmaI-XhoI fragment of pHAG to obtain the intermediate plasmid pHyII, so that the hpt coding region is flanked by the 2.3 kb ASA2 promoter at the 5'end and the Arabidopsis actin2 terminator at the 3'end. Finally, the SacI-SacII fragment of pHyII is ligated into the SacI-SacII-cut pBluescript KSII to complete the transformation vector pXZIII-8.
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biotechnology
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the enzyme can be used as selective marker gene product in production of transgenic plants
biotechnology
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the enzyme is widely used as selective marker gene product in production of engineered crops, e.g. rice
biotechnology
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mediates hygromycin resistance
biotechnology
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resistance against hyromycin B mediated by transformation of the hph gene
biotechnology
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used as selectable marker gene
molecular biology
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the enzyme can be used as selective marker gene product in production of transgenic plants
molecular biology
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the mutant gene hph5 gene can be used as a selection marker in the host-vector system of Thermus thermophilus either on plasmid or by genome integration
molecular biology
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as selective marker gene
molecular biology
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gene is used as selectable marker, mediates hygromycin resistence
molecular biology
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gene sequence is used as selectable marker, mediates hygromycin resistance
molecular biology
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hpt gene is used as a selectable marker
molecular biology
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hpt gene is used as selectable marker, mediates hygromycin resistance
molecular biology
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resistance against hyromycin B mediated by transformation of the hph gene
molecular biology
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resistance against hyromycin B mediated by transformation of the hph gene, a selectable marker gen.
molecular biology
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selectable marker (SM) genes, essential to select transformed cells from a large population of untransformed cells
molecular biology
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Used as marker gene mediating hygromycin resistance.
molecular biology
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Used as marker gene. Mediates hygromycin resistance.
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Zalacain, M.; Malpartida, F.; Pulido, D.; Jimenez, A.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Eur. J. Biochem.
162
413-418
1987
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
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Yang, L.C.; Zhu, Z.; Yang, X.G.
Purification and immunity analysis of recombinant 6His-HPT protein expressed in E. coli
Biomed. Environ. Sci.
16
149-156
2003
Escherichia coli
brenda
Dev, K.; Maheshwari, R.
Silencing of hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene during sexual cycle and its reversible inactivation in heterokaryon of Neurospora crassa
Curr. Microbiol.
47
220-225
2003
Escherichia coli
brenda
Nakamura, A.; Takakura, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Hoshino, T.
In vivo directed evolution for thermostabilization of Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase and the use of the gene as a selection marker in the host-vector system of Thermus thermophilus
J. Biosci. Bioeng.
100
158-163
2005
Escherichia coli
brenda
Zhuo, Q.; Piao, J.H.; Wang, R.; Yang, X.G.
Refolding and purification of non-fusion HPT protein expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies
Protein Expr. Purif.
41
53-60
2005
Escherichia coli
brenda
LIno, D.; Takakura, Y.; Kuroiwa, M.; Kawakami, R.; Sasaki, Y.; Hoshino, T.; Ohsawa, K.; Nakamura, A.; Yajima, S.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of hygromycin B phosphotransferase from Escherichia coli
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
63
685-688
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Rao, R.N.; Allen, N.E.; Hobbs, J.N.; Alborn, W.E.; Kirst, H.A.; Paschal, J.W.
Genetic and enzymatic basis of hygromycin B resistance in Escherichia coli
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
24
689-695
1983
Escherichia coli
brenda
Tang, J.; Liu, L.; Hu, S.; Chen, Y.; Chen, J.
Improved degradation of organophosphate dichlorvos by Trichoderma atroviride transformants generated by restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI)
Biores. Technol.
100
480-483
2009
Trichoderma atroviride
brenda
Nakamura, A.; Takakura, Y.; Sugimoto, N.; Takaya, N.; Shiraki, K.; Hoshino, T.
Enzymatic analysis of a thermostabilized mutant of an Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
72
2467-2471
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Akiyama, H.; Sasaki, N.; Sakata, K.; Ohmori, K.; Toyota, A.; Kikuchi, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Furui, S.; Kitta, K.; Maitani, T.
Indicated detection of two unapproved transgenic rice lines contaminating vermicelli products
J. Agric. Food Chem.
55
5942-5947
2007
Escherichia coli (P00557)
brenda
Maruthachalam, K.; Nair, V.; Rho, H.S.; Choi, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, Y.H.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in Colletotrichum falcatum and C. acutatum
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
18
234-241
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Platisa, J.; Veljovic-Jovanovic, S.; Kukavica, B.; Vinterhalter, B.; Smigocki, A.; Ninkovic, S.
Induction of peroxidases and superoxide dismutases in transformed embryogenic calli of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
J. Plant Physiol.
165
895-900
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Terakawa, T.; Yamamura, T.; Murayama, T.
Improvement of regeneration and transformation systems for Cyclamen persicum using somatic embryo culture
Plant Biotechnol.
25
77-80
2008
Escherichia coli
-
brenda
Ishizaki, K.; Chiyoda, S.; Yamato, K.T.; Kohchi, T.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the haploid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., an emerging model for plant biology
Plant Cell Physiol.
49
1084-1091
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Arockiasamy, S.; Ignacimuthu, S.
Regeneration of transgenic plants from two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars using shoot apex explants
Plant Cell Rep.
26
1745-1753
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Sailaja, M.; Tarakeswari, M.; Sujatha, M.
Stable genetic transformation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) via particle gun-mediated gene transfer using embryo axes from mature seeds
Plant Cell Rep.
27
1509-1519
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Sripriya, R.; Raghupathy, V.; Veluthambi, K.
Generation of selectable marker-free sheath blight resistant transgenic rice plants by efficient co-transformation of a cointegrate vector T-DNA and a binary vector T-DNA in one Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain
Plant Cell Rep.
27
1635-1644
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Zernova, O.; Zhong, W.; Zhang, X.H.; Widholm, J.
Tissue culture specificity of the tobacco ASA2 promoter driving hpt as a selectable marker for soybean transformation selection
Plant Cell Rep.
27
1705-1711
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Ogaki, M.; Furuichi, Y.; Kuroda, K.; Chin, D.P.; Ogawa, Y.; Mii, M.
Importance of co-cultivation medium pH for successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Lilium x formolongi
Plant Cell Rep.
27
699-705
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda