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2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate + CoA
-
-
-
?
2-oxoheptanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-pentylmalate + CoA
84% activity compared to 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate
-
-
?
2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-butylmalate + CoA
17% activity compared to 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate
-
-
?
2-oxoisovalerate + acetyl-CoA
isopropylmalate + CoA
-
-
-
?
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)-malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)malate + CoA
4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
5-methyl-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(3'-methylthiopropyl)malate + CoA
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(4-methylthiobutyl)malate + CoA
7-methylthio-2-oxoheptanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(5-methylthiopentyl)malate + CoA
substrate for isoform MAM3
-
-
?
8-methylthio-2-oxooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(6-methylthiohexyl)malate + CoA
9-methylthio-2-oxononanoate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
9-methylthio-2-oxononanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(7-methylthiohepyl)malate + CoA
substrate for isoform MAM3
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
pyruvate + acetyl-CoA
citramalate + CoA
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)malate + CoA
86% activity compared to 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate
-
-
?
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthioethyl)malate + CoA
substrate for isoforms MAM1, MAM2, and MAM3
-
-
?
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(3'-methylthiopropyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(3'-methylthiopropyl)malate + CoA
100% activity
-
-
?
5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(3'-methylthiopropyl)malate + CoA
substrate for isoforms MAM1 and MAM3
-
-
?
6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(4-methylthiobutyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(4-methylthiobutyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(4-methylthiobutyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(4-methylthiobutyl)malate + CoA
low activity substrate for isoforms MAM1 and MAM3
-
-
?
8-methylthio-2-oxooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(6-methylthiohexyl)malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
8-methylthio-2-oxooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(6-methylthiohexyl)malate + CoA
substrate for isoform MAM3
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2-oxo-dodecanoate is not a substrate for isoform MAM3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with 6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate, 2-oxopentanoate, 2-oxooctanoate, glyoxylate, pyruvate, 2-oxoisovalerate, 2-phenylpyruvate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate, and 2-oxoadipate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 6-methylthio-2-oxohexanoate, 2-oxopentanoate, 2-oxooctanoate, glyoxylate, pyruvate, 2-oxoisovalerate, 2-phenylpyruvate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate, and 2-oxoadipate
-
-
?
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2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
an omega-(methylthio)-2-oxoalkanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O
a 2-[omega-(methylthio)alkyl]malate + CoA
-
-
-
?
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A290G
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces more thrice-elongated methionine than the native MAM1
A290S
unchanged composition of chain-elongated amino acids. The strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces more thrice-elongated methionine than the native MAM1
T257C
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces more thrice-elongated methionine than the native MAM1
T257D
in the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant, SSU3 protein level is higher than in the strain harbouring wild-type MAM1. The strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces more thrice-elongated methionine than the native MAM1
T257G
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant does not produce amino acids elongated more than twice
T257G/G259A
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces tetra-elongated methionine
T257G/G259A/A290G
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces tetra-elongated methionine. Unchanged composition of chain-elongated amino acids, although the production is dramatically reduced
T257G/G259A/L186M
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant produces tetra-elongated methionine
T257N
T257S shows nearly 3fold higher L-homophenylalanine production than the native MAM1. In the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant, SSU3 protein level is higher than in the strain harbouring wild-type MAM1. Low levels of chain-elongated amino acid products are found
T257S
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant shows higher MAM1 levels, although this does not result in correspondingly higher levels of chain-elongated products
A290T
in the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant, SSU3 protein level is higher than in the strain harbouring wild-type MAM1. No chain-elongated amino acid products are found
A290T
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant does not produce any of the chain-elongated amino acid products
G259A
in the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant, SSU3 protein level is higher than in the strain harbouring wild-type MAM1. No chain-elongated amino acid products are found
G259A
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant does not produce amino acids elongated more than twice
G259A
the strain harbouring the MAM1 variant does not produce any of the chain-elongated amino acid products
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Heidel, A.J.; Clauss, M.J.; Kroymann, J.; Savolainen, O.; Mitchell-Olds, T.
Natural variation in MAM within and between populations of Arabidopsis lyrata determines glucosinolate phenotype
Genetics
173
1629-1636
2006
Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea
brenda
Clauss, M.J.; Dietel, S.; Schubert, G.; Mitchell-Olds, T.
Glucosinolate and trichome defenses in a natural Arabidopsis lyrata population
J. Chem. Ecol.
32
2351-2373
2006
Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea
brenda
Yin, L.; Chen, C.; Chen, G.; Cao, B.; Lei, J.
Molecular cloning, expression pattern and genotypic effects on glucoraphanin biosynthetic related genes in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey)
Molecules
20
20254-20267
2015
Brassica oleracea (A0A0B5GPY2)
brenda
Benderoth, M.; Pfalz, M.; Kroymann, J.
Methylthioalkylmalate synthases: Genetics, ecology and evolution
Phytochem. Rev.
8
255-268
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67)
-
brenda
Gao, M.; Li, G.; Potter, D.; McCombie, W.R.; Quiros, C.F.
Comparative analysis of methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAM) gene family and flanking DNA sequences in Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Rep.
25
592-598
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica oleracea
brenda
de Kraker, J.W.; Gershenzon, J.
From amino acid to glucosinolate biosynthesis: protein sequence changes in the evolution of methylthioalkylmalate synthase in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
23
38-53
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FN52), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Redovnikovic, I.R.; Textor, S.; Lisnic, B.; Gershenzon, J.
Expression pattern of the glucosinolate side chain biosynthetic genes MAM1 and MAM3 of Arabidopsis thaliana in different organs and developmental stages
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
53
77-83
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FN52)
brenda
Kroymann, J.; Textor, S.; Tokuhisa, J.G.; Falk, K.L.; Bartram, S.; Gershenzon, J.; Mitchell-Olds, T.
A gene controlling variation in Arabidopsis glucosinolate composition is part of the methionine chain elongation pathway
Plant Physiol.
127
1077-1088
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67)
brenda
Textor, S.; de Kraker, J.W.; Hause, B.; Gershenzon, J.; Tokuhisa, J.G.
MAM3 catalyzes the formation of all aliphatic glucosinolate chain lengths in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiol.
144
60-71
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FN52)
brenda
Textor, S.; Bartram, S.; Kroymann, J.; Falk, K.L.; Hick, A.; Pickett, J.A.; Gershenzon, J.
Biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana: recombinant expression and characterization of methylthioalkylmalate synthase, the condensing enzyme of the chain-elongation cycle
Planta
218
1026-1035
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Benderoth, M.; Textor, S.; Windsor, A.; Mitchell-Olds, T.; Gershenzon, J.; Kroymann, J.
Positive selection driving diversification in plant secondary metabolism
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103
9118-9123
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8VX04), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67)
brenda
Petersen, A.; Hansen, L.G.; Mirza, N.; Crocoll, C.; Mirza, O.; Halkier, B.A.
Changing substrate specificity and iteration of amino acid chain elongation in glucosinolate biosynthesis through targeted mutagenesis of Arabidopsis methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1
Biosci. Rep.
39
BSR20190446
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FG67), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda