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1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
1-(2'-methyl-4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH + H+
4-amino-2-methyl-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
-
r
1-(2'-methyl-4'-sulfophenylazo)2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-2-methyl-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(2'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
ir
1-(3'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
3-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(3'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
3-amino-1-benzenephosphate + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(3'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
3-amino-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene + NAD(P)H
4-carboxyphenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
substrate is carboxy-Orange II
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NADH + H+
4-aminobenzoate + NAD+ + ?
-
i.e. carboxy-Orange II
-
-
r
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
1-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene + NAD(P)H
4-nitrophenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenephosphate + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
1-(4'-sulfonaminophenylazo-)2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
1-(4'-sulfophenyl-N-methylhydrazo)-4-naphthol + NADH + H+
?
-
i.e. carboxy-Orange I
-
-
r
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene + NAD(P)H
4-sulfophenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene + NAD(P)H
4-sulfophenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-4-anthranol + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-4-naphthol + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADPH
alpha-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid + beta-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADP+
1-methyl-1-([1-[(Z)-(methyl[4-[(E)-2-[6'-[(E)-[4-[methyl([4-[(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl)amino]phenyl]diazenyl]-3-oxo-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3'-yl]ethenyl]phenyl]iminio)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl)pyrrolidinium + FMN + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
pro-fluorophore, based on fluorescent rhodamine 110. Upon reduction of the two diazo bonds, substrate shows a green fluorescence suitable for the detection of azoreductases
-
-
?
1-phenylazo-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene + NAD(P)H
phenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-phenylazo-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene + NAD(P)H
phenylamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
-
?
2 ferricyanide + NADPH
2 ferrocyanide + NADP+ + H+
-
-
-
?
2'-carboxy-4-N,N-dimethylazobenzene + NAD(P)H
2-carboxy-1-phenylamine + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
trivial name methyl red
-
?
2,2'-(1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonaphthalene-2,7-bis-azo)-bis(benzenearsonic acid) + NAD(P)H
?
-
reduced to an anion free radical by an outer membrane azoreductase
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
lawsone, quinone reductase activity
-
-
?
2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADH + H+
?
menadione, vitamin K3
-
-
?
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
menadione, quinone reductase activity
-
-
?
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + 2-aminobenzoic acid + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-methyl-4-(2-chlorophenylhydrazone)-isoxazol-5-one + NAD(P)H
o-chloroaniline + ?
-
fungicide, trivial name drazoxolon, 90-80% activity with NADH
-
?
4'-diethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid + NADH + H+
?
ethyl red
-
-
?
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid + NADH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N'-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + NAD+
methyl red
-
-
?
4-(4-aminophenylazo)benzenesulfonic acid + NADPH + H+
?
about 25% specific activity compared to balsalazide
-
-
?
4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphthol + NAD(P)H
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+
4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl)benzene-1-sulfonate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N'-dimethylaminoaniline + 2 NAD+
4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N'-dimethylamino-aniline + 2 NADP+
i.e. methyl red
-
-
?
4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene + NADP+
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
acid Orange 7 + NAD(P)H
?
-
reduces also Acid Orange 6, 8 and 12, Acid Red 88 and 151, NADH is more effective
-
-
?
acid orange 8 + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
Acid Red 1 + NADPH + H+
?
acid red 119 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Acid Red 14 + NADPH + H+
?
acid red 151 + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
acid red 88 + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
acid red 88 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
acid yellow 19 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
low activity
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
Amaranth + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
amaranth + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
Amido black + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate + NADPH + H+
?
quinone reductase activity
-
-
?
anthraquinone-2-sulfonate + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
anthraquinone-2-sulfonate + NADPH + H+
?
quinone reductase activity
-
-
?
Atul acid black + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
balsalazide + NADPH + H+
?
100% specific activity
-
-
?
balsalazide + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
tautomeric forms of balsalazide occur in solution, reaction mechanism, overview
-
-
?
balsalzide + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
BHQ-10 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
Cibacron Marine + NADPH + H+
?
Cibacron Marine dye + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
reductive degradation
-
-
r
congo red + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Cr(VI) + NADPH + H+
Cr(III) + NADP+
-
-
-
r
di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline + NADH
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
direct blue 15 + FAD + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
highest activity in presence of both NADH and FAD
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Direct Brown 44 + NADPH + H+
?
direct red 28 + NADH + H+
benzidine + 4-aminobiphenyl + NAD+
Direct Red 80 + NADPH + H+
?
direct red 81 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
disperse orange 3 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Disperse yellow + NADH
?
-
85% of the activity with Methyl red
-
-
?
Eriochrome blue black + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ethyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
ethyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
best substrate, 182% of the activity with methyl red at 30°C
-
-
ir
flame orange + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
golden yellow + NADH + H+
?
Janus green B + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
methyl 1-hydroxyl-2-cyano-3-(4-((4-acetoxy-3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzyloxy)-12-oxo-oleana-2(3), 9(11)-dien-28-oate + ?
bardoxolone methyl + methyl 2-acetoxy-5-aminobenzoate + ?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Methyl Orange + NADPH + H+
?
methyl orange + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline + 2 NAD+
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
r
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + 2-aminobenzoic acid + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
o-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
ir
methyl red + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NAD(P)H + H+
?
methyl red + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
methyl red + NADPH + H+
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
Mordant black 9 + NADH
?
-
38% of activity
-
-
?
mordant blue 13 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Mordant brown 96 + NADH
?
-
28% of activity
-
-
?
Mordant Orange 1 + NADPH + H+
?
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
NADPH + 9,10-phenanthrenequinone
NADP+ + 9,10-phenanthrenequinol
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + 1,4-benzoquinone
NADP+ + 1,4-benzoquinol
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + 1,4-naphthoquinone
NADP+ + 1,4-naphthoquinol
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
NADP+ + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
NADPH + oxidized cytochrome c
NADP+ + reduced cytochrome c
-
in the presence of menadione as electron carrier
-
?
naphthalene fast orange 2G + ?
?
naphthol blue black + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
78% conversion, analysis by UV-visible and FITR spectroscopy, HPLC, and GC-MS
-
-
?
Navitan fast blue S5R + NADH
metanilic acid + 1,4-diamino naphtalene + peri acid + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
new cossin + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
nitrofurazone + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
o-methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
olsalazine + NADPH + H+
?
less than 10% specific activity compared to balsalazide
-
-
?
olsalazine + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
orange I + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
orange I + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
ir
Orange I + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
orange II + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
orange II + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
orange II + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
orange II + NADH + H+
sulfanilic acid + 1-amino-2-naphthol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
oxidized methyl red + NADH + H+
reduced methyl red + NAD+
p-aminoazobenzene + ?
aniline + p-phenylenediamine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
p-methyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
Ponceau BS + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
Ponceau BS + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau BS + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
Ponceau BS + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Ponceau S + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Ponceau S + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Ponceaux SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Black 5 + NADPH + H+
?
reactive black 5 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
reactive black B5 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
reactive blue 222 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
reactive blue 3R + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
reactive orange 122 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Orange 16 + NADPH + H+
?
Reactive Red 120 + NADPH + H+
?
Reactive Red 180 + NADPH + H+
?
reactive red 195 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 22 + NADPH + H+
?
reactive violet 5 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
reactive violet 5 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
reactive violet 5R + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Yellow 17 + NADPH + H+
?
reactive yellow 186 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
low activity
-
-
?
Red Dye I + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Red dye II + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Red Dye II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Red dye III + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Red Dye III + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol orange + NADH + H+
?
remazol red + NADH + H+
?
remazol yellow + NADH + H+
?
Rocceline + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
sulfasalazine + NADPH + H+
?
about 20% specific activity compared to balsalazide
-
-
?
sulfasalazine + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Sumifix Black B + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow FCF + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
Tropaeolin + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Trypan blue + NADH
?
-
50% of the activity with Methyl red
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1,2-dimethyl-4(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene + NADPH
1,2-dimethyl-4-amino-5-hydroxybenzene + p-carboxyphenylamine + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange II
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange II
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate can be utilized as sole carbon and energy source
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange II
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate can be utilized as sole carbon and energy source
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange II
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate can be utilized as sole carbon and energy source
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange I
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate can be utilized as sole carbon and energy source
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
substrate is carboxy-Orange I
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzoic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenephosphate + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenephosphate + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-sulfonaminophenylazo-)2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4'-sulfonaminophenylazo-)2-naphthol + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonamine + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
-
-
?
1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADPH
alpha-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid + beta-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADPH
alpha-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid + beta-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADP+
-
-
-
?
1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADPH
alpha-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid + beta-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADP+
-
activity in liver microsomes, reduces also the dyes Red 2G, Red 10B, Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R
-
?
1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADPH
alpha-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid + beta-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid + NADP+
-
trivial name amaranth, activity in liver microsomes
-
?
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
substrate is Methyl red
-
-
?
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
substrate is Methyl red
-
-
?
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
-
substrate is Methyl red
-
-
?
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
-
substrate is Methyl red
-
-
?
4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphthol + NAD(P)H
?
substrate is Magneson II, 13% of the activity with carboxy-Orange I
-
-
?
4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphthol + NAD(P)H
?
substrate is Magneson II, 13% of the activity with carboxy-Orange I
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange I azoreductase: absolute requirement for a hydroxyl group in 4'-position of the naphthol ring of the substrate molecule
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange II azoreductase: requirement for substrates with a 2-naphthol moiety
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange II azoreductase: requirement for substrates with a 2-naphthol moiety
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
key enzyme of azo dye degradation, selective agent during experimental evolution in continuous cultures
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange I azoreductase: absolute requirement for a hydroxyl group in 4'-position of the naphthol ring of the substrate molecule
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange II azoreductase: requirement for substrates with a 2-naphthol moiety
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
key enzyme of azo dye degradation, selective agent during experimental evolution in continuous cultures
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
Orange II azoreductase: requirement for substrates with a 2-naphthol moiety
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
specific for reduction of methyl red
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
electron transport protein
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+ + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl)benzene-1-sulfonate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
i.e. methyl orange
-
-
?
4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl)benzene-1-sulfonate + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
i.e. methyl orange
-
-
?
4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N'-dimethylaminoaniline + 2 NAD+
i.e. methyl red
-
-
?
4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N'-dimethylaminoaniline + 2 NAD+
-
i.e. methyl red
-
-
?
4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + N,N'-dimethylaminoaniline + 2 NAD+
-
i.e. methyl red
-
-
?
4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
NADH is more effective
-
?
4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
trivial name Orange II
-
?
4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-1-benzenesulfonic acid + NAD(P)+ + 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene
-
trivial name Orange II
-
?
4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene + NADP+
-
trivial name Orange I
-
?
4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzene sulfonic acid + NAD(P)H
4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid + 1-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene + NADP+
-
trivial name Orange I
-
?
Acid orange 5 + NADH
?
-
36% of activity
-
-
?
Acid orange 5 + NADH
?
-
36% of activity
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Orange 52 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 1 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 1 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
acid red 119 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
acid red 119 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 14 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 14 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
acid red 88 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
10% of hte activity with methyl red at 30°C
-
-
ir
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Red 88 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid red G + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Acid red G + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Acid Yellow 23 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
amaranth + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
Amaranth + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Amaranth + NADH
?
-
35% of the activity with Methyl red
-
-
?
Amaranth + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Cibacron Marine + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Cibacron Marine + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Cibacron Marine + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Cibacron Marine + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
ir
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Congo red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
the enzyme decolorizes 9% of 0.04 mM Congo Red in 15 min
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Congo Red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 14 + ?
o-tolidine + ?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NAD(P)H
3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine + 1-hydroxy-2,8-diamino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
direct blue 15 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Direct blue 71 + NADH
?
-
75% of activity
-
-
?
Direct blue 71 + NADH
?
-
75% of activity
-
-
?
Direct Brown 44 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Direct Brown 44 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Direct Brown 44 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Direct Brown 44 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
direct red 28 + NADH + H+
benzidine + 4-aminobiphenyl + NAD+
-
-
-
?
direct red 28 + NADH + H+
benzidine + 4-aminobiphenyl + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Direct Red 80 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Direct Red 80 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Direct Red 80 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
fast yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
fast yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
golden yellow + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
golden yellow + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl orange + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Methyl orange + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
methyl orange + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Methyl Orange + NADPH + H+
?
the enzyme decolorizes more than 14% of 0.04 mM Methyl Orange in 15 min
-
-
?
Methyl Orange + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl Orange + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline + 2 NAD+
i.e. 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline + 2 NAD+
i.e. 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline + 2 NAD+
i.e. 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid
-
-
?
methyl red + 2 NADH + 2 H+
anthranilate + 4-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline + 2 NAD+
i.e. 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid
-
-
?
methyl red + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NAD(P)H + H+
?
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
the rate of reaction is about 7.14 times faster with NADPH at different concentrations of Methyl Orange as compared to that with NADH
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
the enzyme exhibits lower activity with NADH compared to NADPH
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
Methyl Red + NADPH + H+
2-aminobenzoic acid + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
?
the enzyme decolorizes more than 50% of 0.04 mM Methyl Red in 15 min
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
?
about 50% specific activity compared to balsalazide
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
methyl red + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
mordant blue 13 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
mordant blue 13 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Mordant Orange 1 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Mordant Orange 1 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Mordant Orange 1 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + 2 NADP+
4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
naphthalene fast orange 2G + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
naphthalene fast orange 2G + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
neoprontosil + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
neoprontosil + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
new coccine + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
new coccine + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange G + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange G + NADH
?
-
30% of the activity with Methyl red
-
-
?
Orange G + NADH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange I + NADH
?
both NADH and NADPH can be used as an electron donor for its activity with 4-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)benzenesulfonic acid (Orange I) as substrate
-
-
?
Orange I + NADH
?
both NADH and NADPH can be used as an electron donor for its activity with 4-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)benzenesulfonic acid (Orange I) as substrate
-
-
?
Orange I + NADPH
?
both NADH and NADPH can be used as an electron donor for its activity with 4-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)benzenesulfonic acid (Orange I) as substrate
-
-
?
Orange I + NADPH
?
both NADH and NADPH can be used as an electron donor for its activity with 4-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)benzenesulfonic acid (Orange I) as substrate
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
orange II + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Orange II + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
oxidized methyl red + NADH + H+
reduced methyl red + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
oxidized methyl red + NADH + H+
reduced methyl red + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau BS + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau BS + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
ponceau SX + NAD(P)H
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Black 5 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Black 5 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Black 5 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
reactive black 5 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
reactive black 5 + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
best substrate
-
-
?
reactive black B5 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
reactive black B5 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
reactive blue 222 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
reactive blue 222 + NADH + H+
? + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Orange 16 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Orange 16 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Orange 16 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 120 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 120 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 120 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 180 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 180 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 180 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 22 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 22 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Red 22 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Yellow 17 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Yellow 17 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Reactive Yellow 17 + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Red dye I + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
Red dye I + NADH
?
-
-
-
?
red RB + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
red RB + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol orange + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol orange + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol red + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol yellow + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
remazol yellow + NADH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
Solar Orange + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
Solar Orange + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
sunset yellow + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
tartrazine + ?
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Basic violet 3, Basic Red 9, Acid Blue 74, Acid blue 225, and Disperse red 86 are not metabolized
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
several derivatives of di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline tested as substrates are found to be metabolized
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Basic violet 3, Basic Red 9, Acid Blue 74, Acid blue 225, and Disperse red 86 are not metabolized
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
several derivatives of di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline tested as substrates are found to be metabolized
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme AzrC interacts with azo dyes orange G, acid red 88, Sudan I, orange I, and methyl red. The hydrophobic azo dyes like acid red 88 binds more tightly to the AzrC protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
YhdA is characterized as an enzyme with azoreductase activity. The pure recombinant His10-YhdA protein efficiently catalyzes the reduction of Cr(VI) employing NADPH as a cofactor. The oxidoreductase possess the ability to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), avoiding the intermediates Cr(V) and Cr(IV). The purified recombinant His10-YhdA protein displays a strong NADP(H)-dependent chromate reductase activity, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
YhdA is characterized as an enzyme with azoreductase activity. The pure recombinant His10-YhdA protein efficiently catalyzes the reduction of Cr(VI) employing NADPH as a cofactor. The oxidoreductase possess the ability to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), avoiding the intermediates Cr(V) and Cr(IV). The purified recombinant His10-YhdA protein displays a strong NADP(H)-dependent chromate reductase activity, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
important for the conversion of azo dyes in the gastrointestinal tract
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme can also catalyze the nitroreduction of 7-nitrocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid in a FMN-dependent manner
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme can also catalyze the nitroreduction of 7-nitrocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid in a FMN-dependent manner
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates: ponceau S, tartrazine, amaranth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrates: ponceau S, tartrazine, amaranth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates: ponceau S, tartrazine, amaranth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme from strain L2 decolorizes a wide spectrum of azo dyes with a constantly high activity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme from strain L2 decolorizes a wide spectrum of azo dyes with a constantly high activity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme additionally shows quinone reductase activity. When NAD(P)H is used as an electron donor, the purified enzyme can reduce menadione effectively with a quinone reductase activity of approximately 3.4 U ml-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme additionally shows quinone reductase activity. When NAD(P)H is used as an electron donor, the purified enzyme can reduce menadione effectively with a quinone reductase activity of approximately 3.4 U ml-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Methyl Red, Amaranth, Ponceau BS, Ponceau S, Orange II, Orange G, Megneson II, 1-(4-nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol, and 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-resorcinol are not reduced by AzoB
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Methyl Red, Amaranth, Ponceau BS, Ponceau S, Orange II, Orange G, Megneson II, 1-(4-nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol, and 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-resorcinol are not reduced by AzoB
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with Amaranth, Tropaeolin, Orange II, Ponceau S, Ponceau BS, and Orange G
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with Amaranth, Tropaeolin, Orange II, Ponceau S, Ponceau BS, and Orange G
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: azobenzene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in general, the substrates of azoreductases do not make many specific hydrophilic interactions, which explains the ability of the active site to accommodate a range of hydrophobic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the bifunctional enzyme shows activity with quinone substrates, anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone), and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate, and NADPH as cofactor, cf. EC 1.6.5.10
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
generation of a coupled enzyme system constructed with azoreductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase for removal of methyl red, method evaluation, overview. Artificial neural network modelling of the integrated enzyme system
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
generation of a coupled enzyme system constructed with azoreductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase for removal of methyl red, method evaluation, overview. Artificial neural network modelling of the integrated enzyme system
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
wide substrate specificity of the enzyme. No activity with reactive blue 4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity: the catalytic efficiency of AzrS follows the descending order of methyl red, methyl orange, and congo red. The enzyme has a wide substrate range of azo dyes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity: the catalytic efficiency of AzrS follows the descending order of methyl red, methyl orange, and congo red. The enzyme has a wide substrate range of azo dyes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not react with NADH as electron donor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ammoniumazo-1, citrus yellow, orange G, Ponceau BS, and ruby red are inert to reduction with BTI1
-
-
?
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0.12
1,2-dimethyl-4-(p-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxy-benzene
-
-
0.0013
1-(2'-methyl-4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0137
1-(2'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0015
1-(3'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0105
1-(3'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0018
1-(3'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.013
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene
-
-
0.0198
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
0.008
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0024
1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol
-
-
0.0018
1-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
0.0052
1-(4'-phosphophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.0148
1-(4'-sulfoaminophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.04
1-(4'-sulfophenyl-N-methylhydrazo)-4-naphthol
-
-
0.0132
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene
-
-
0.017
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
0.001
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol
-
-
0.204
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-4-anthranol
-
-
0.0026
1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-4-naphthol
-
-
0.0014
1-phenylazo-2-hydroxy-6-carboxynaphthalene
-
-
0.0009
1-phenylazo-2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthalene
-
-
0.0346 - 0.0873
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
1.704
2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone
-
0.0162
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
-
0.024 - 0.42
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
0.0102 - 0.101
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid
0.0146
9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,6-disulfonic acid
-
0.0081
9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonic acid
-
0.001
acid Orange 7
-
after induction with Acid Orange 7
0.093 - 0.45
Acid Orange 8
0.004
Acid Red 151
-
after induction with Acid Orange 7
0.003 - 0.009
acid Red 88
0.0161
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate
-
0.0133
anthraquinone-2-sulfonate
-
0.0986 - 0.1029
balsalazide
0.059
BHQ-10
pH not specified in the publication, 22°C
0.2792
Congo red
recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C
7.26
Cr(VI)
pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His10-tagged enzyme
0.005
Direct blue 15
-
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.00018
FAD
-
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.51
flame orange
pH not specified in the publication, 22°C
0.1056 - 0.3
Methyl orange
0.00053 - 1.21
Methyl red
0.04
naphthol blue black
-
pH 7.0, 30°C
0.063
Navitan fast blue S5R
-
pH 7.0, room temperature
0.0097
o-methyl red
pH not specified in the publication, 22°C
0.1006 - 0.867
p-methyl red
0.22 - 1.118
sulfasalazine
additional information
additional information
-
0.0346
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
-
0.0873
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
-
0.024
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
-
pH 7.1, 23°C
0.029
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.057
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
-
in 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.1), 0.25 mM 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid and 0.1 mM NADPH
0.28
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
GST-fusion protein, pH 8.0, 40°C
0.42
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoic acid
native protein, pH 8.0, 40°C
0.0102
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y120A
0.0419
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid
wild-type enzyme
0.0849
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid
mutant R59A
0.101
4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid
mutant F162A
0.093
Acid Orange 8
-
after induction with Acid Orange 7
0.003
acid Red 88
-
after induction with Acid Orange 7
0.0986
balsalazide
wild type enzyme, using NADPH as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.1029
balsalazide
mutant enzyme Y131F, using NADPH as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.055
balsalzide
-
isoform AzoR2, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.34
balsalzide
-
isoform AzoR3, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.447
balsalzide
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.1056
Methyl orange
recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C
0.3
Methyl orange
pH not specified in the publication, 22°C
0.00053
Methyl red
mutant R66A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.002
Methyl red
-
cofactor roseoflavin mononucleotide, pH 7.4, 30°C
0.0028
Methyl red
cosubstrate NADPH, pH 6.5, 25°C
0.00476
Methyl red
recombinant chimeric fusion protein AZR-GDH, pH 7.0, 40°C
0.0082
Methyl red
mutant N121A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.00916
Methyl red
recombinant wild-type AZR, pH 7.0, 40°C
0.0092
Methyl red
cosubstrate NADH, pH 6.5, 25°C
0.011
Methyl red
-
in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 25°C
0.0112
Methyl red
mutant N106A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.0126
Methyl red
mutant R21G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.013
Methyl red
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.6 and 25°C
0.0164
Methyl red
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.0167
Methyl red
mutant R18G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.024
Methyl red
wild-type, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.0247
Methyl red
-
mutant W105F
0.0251
Methyl red
-
mutant W105H
0.0254
Methyl red
-
wild-type enzyme
0.027
Methyl red
-
cofactor FMN, pH 7.4, 30°C
0.0276
Methyl red
-
mutant W105Y
0.0282
Methyl red
-
mutant W105Q
0.0288
Methyl red
mutant L59G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.0335
Methyl red
mutant W62A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.044
Methyl red
-
mutant enzyme L49C/D108C, at pH 7.6 and 25°C
0.0445
Methyl red
mutant enzyme Y131F, using NADPH as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0485
Methyl red
mutant A123F, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.05
Methyl red
-
pH 7.4, 37°C
0.05
Methyl red
NADH-dependent, mutant K109H
0.06
Methyl red
NADH-dependent, wild-type enzyme
0.0927
Methyl red
wild type enzyme, using NADPH as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.109
Methyl red
mutant V122Y, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.15
Methyl red
NADH-dependent, mutant K109A
0.1593
Methyl red
recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C
0.26
Methyl red
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.27
Methyl red
wild-type enzyme
0.27
Methyl red
mutant K109H
0.3
Methyl red
-
isoform AzoR2, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.66
Methyl red
mutant K109A
0.8
Methyl red
mutant H75N
0.983
Methyl red
-
isoform AzoR3, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
1.21
Methyl red
mutant Y74W
0.003
NADH
mutant W62A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.0081
NADH
-
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.059
NADH
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.0706
NADH
wild-type enzyme
0.082
NADH
-
in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 25°C
0.091
NADH
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.6 and 25°C
0.143
NADH
wild-type, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.158
NADH
-
wild-type enzyme
0.166
NADH
-
mutant W105Y
0.169
NADH
-
mutant W105Q
0.171
NADH
-
mutant W105H
0.175
NADH
-
mutant W105F
0.223
NADH
-
mutant enzyme L49C/D108C, at pH 7.6 and 25°C
0.25
NADH
mutant E16G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.26
NADH
-
cofactor FMN, pH 7.4, 30°C
0.269
NADH
-
cofactor roseoflavin mononucleotide, pH 7.4, 30°C
0.292
NADH
mutant N121A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.298
NADH
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.38
NADH
wild-type enzyme
0.38
NADH
mutant R21G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.405
NADH
mutant V122Y, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.411
NADH
mutant A123F, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.525
NADH
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.538
NADH
wild type enzyme, using methyl red as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.581
NADH
mutant R66A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.624
NADH
mutant R18G, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.793
NADH
mutant N106A, pH 7.0, 22°C
0.965
NADH
mutant enzyme Y131F, using methyl red as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.1
NADH
GST-fusion protein, pH 8.0, 40°C
2.298
NADH
mutant L59G, pH 7.0, 22°C
2.3
NADH
native protein, pH 8.0, 40°C
4.35
NADH
-
pH 7.0, room temperature
0.001
NADPH
pH 6.8, 45°C
0.05
NADPH
NADPH-dependent, mutant Y74W
0.06
NADPH
NADPH-dependent, wild-type enzyme
0.074
NADPH
-
in 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.1), 0.25 mM azo dye and 0.1 mM NADPH
0.09
NADPH
wild-type enzyme
0.2
NADPH
NADPH-dependent, mutant K109H
0.37
NADPH
NADPH-dependent, mutant K109A
0.535
NADPH
mutant enzyme Y131F, using methyl red as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
1.197
NADPH
wild type enzyme, using methyl red as cosubstrate, in 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
10.26
NADPH
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
15
NADPH
-
in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 25°C
37.3
NADPH
pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His10-tagged enzyme
0.1
nitrofurazone
NADPH-dependent, mutant K109A
0.12
nitrofurazone
NADPH-dependent, mutant K109H
0.13
nitrofurazone
NADPH-dependent, wild-type enzyme
0.65
nitrofurazone
NADPH-dependent, mutant Y74W
0.003
Orange I
using NADPH as proton donor, at pH 6.8, 45°C
0.17
Orange I
using NADH as proton donor, at pH 6.8, 45°C
0.1006
p-methyl red
mutant R59A
0.23
p-methyl red
mutant Y120A
0.266
p-methyl red
wild-type enzyme
0.867
p-methyl red
mutant F162A
0.004
ponceau SX
-
azoreductase I
0.005
ponceau SX
-
azoreductase II
0.22
sulfasalazine
-
isoform AzoR3, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.38
sulfasalazine
-
isoform AzoR2, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
1.118
sulfasalazine
-
isoform AzoR1, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
additional information
additional information
-
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
-
wild-type and mutant kinetics and thermodynamics, overview
-
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0.00191
-
activity in liver microsomes
0.0028
-
continuous assay for hepatic microsomal azo reductase
0.008
-
activity in liver microsomes with Ponceau 4R
0.011
-
activity in liver microsomes after flavin treatment
0.014
purification octyl-sepharose 4 fast flow
0.015
-
crude cell extract
0.045
-
activity in liver supernatant fraction
0.05
-
azoreductase II, with tartrazine
0.053
-
activity in liver supernatant fraction
0.054
-
activity in caecal suspension with carmoisine
0.06
-
activity in liver supernatant fraction
0.065
-
azoreductase II, with orange II
0.067
-
activity in liver supernatant fraction
0.07
-
azoreductase II, with amaranth
0.076
-
activity in caecal suspension with Fast Red E
0.087
-
activity in liver supernatant fraction
0.112
-
azoreductase I, with orange II
0.129
-
activity in caecal suspension with Ponceau 4R
0.14
-
after purification
0.19
-
azoreductase I, with amaranth
0.2
cosubstrate NADPH, pH 7.4, 30°C
0.212
-
azoreductase I, with tartrazine
0.224
purification DEAE Bio gel
0.315
-
azoreductase II, with ponceau SX
0.32
-
azoreductase I, with ponceau SX
0.626
purification step affinity gel
0.65
extract from host strain with Methyl red and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
1.1
purified recombinant enzyme with Red dye III and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
10.1
purified enzyme, using Orange I as the substrate with NADH as proton donor, pH 6.8, 45°C
10.8
purified enzyme, pH 7.1 with 1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol and NADH as substrates
11.7
-
native enzyme at 70°C with roccelin
12.6
purified recombinant enzyme with Red dye II and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
139.63
-
pH 8.0, 45°C, purified enzyme, substrate reactive black 5
15.4
-
cofactor FAD, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
153.16
purified wild-type AZR, 40°C, pH 7.0, substrate methyl red
160.62
purified recombinant fusion protein AZR-GDH, 40°C, pH 7.0, substrate methyl red
17
substrate Congo red, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 7.0, 25°C
17.02
substrate congo red, cofactor NADPH
17830
-
orange II azoreductase, strain KF46
18.18
substrate orange II, cofactor NADH
18.2
substrate orange II, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
184.6
presence of 25 microM FMN, pH 6.5, 25°C
19.8
-
purified native enzyme, pH 7.0, 30°C
2.8
purified enzyme, pH 7.1 with 1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol and NADH as substrates
2.9
crude extract, using Orange I as the substrate with NADH as proton donor, pH 6.8, 45°C
20.3
purified recombinant enzyme with Red dye I and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
23.2
substrate acid red 88, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 7.0, 25°C
23.23
substrate acid red 88, cofactor NADPH
24.29
substrate methyl red, cofactor NADPH
24.3
substrate methyl red, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 7.0, 25°C
25.8
cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.4, 30°C
254
purified recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C, substrate congo red
26
-
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
26.9
-
cofactor FMN, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
3.55
-
pH 8.0, 45°C, crude enzyme, substrate reactive black 5
3.575
substrate direct Blue 15, cofactor NADPH
3.58
substrate direct blue 15, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 7.0, 25°C
3.699
substrate direct Blue 15, cofactor NADH
3.7
substrate direct blue 15, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
38.2
substrate methyl red
38.6
substrate methyl red
505
-
purification step Cibacron blue agarose 3G
5152
purified recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C, substrate methl orange
626
-
after 209fold purification, using methyl red and NADPH as substrates, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 25°C
63.9
-
purified enzyme, pH 7.1, 23°C, with Methyl red and NADH as substrates
682
substrate Congo red, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
682.2
substrate congo red, cofactor NADH
7.6
-
recombinant enzyme at 50°C with roccelin
76.6
substrate acid red 88, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
76.63
substrate acid red 88, cofactor NADH
78.9
purified recombinant enzyme with Methyl red and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
8.5
extract from Escherichia coli containing recombinant enzyme with Methyl red and NADH as substrates, pH 8.0, 40°C
97153
purified recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C, substrate methl red
0.003
purification step extract
0.003
-
crude extract, using methyl red and NADPH as substrates, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at 25°C
0.0035
-
activity in caecal suspension with amaranth
0.0035
-
activity in liver microsomes with amaranth
0.004
-
activity in liver microsomes with carmoisine
0.004
-
activity in liver microsomes with Fast Red E
20.7
substrate Ponceau BS, cofactor NADH
20.7
substrate ponceau BS, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
2868
-
-
2868
-
orange I azoreductase, strain KF24
5095
substrate methyl red, cofactor NADH
5095
substrate methyl red, cosubstrate NADH, pH 7.0, 25°C
additional information
substrate 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, relative activity 0.64%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, relative activity 0.64%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, relative activity 23.2%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, relative activity 23.2%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate acid red 88, relative activity 0.12%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate acid red 88, relative activity 0.12%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate acid red 88, relative activity 12.2%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate acid red 88, relative activity 12.2%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate ethyl red, relative activity 113%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate ethyl red, relative activity 113%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate ethyl red, relative activity 146%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate ethyl red, relative activity 146%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate methyl orange, relative activity 0.21%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate methyl orange, relative activity 0.21%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate methyl orange, relative activity 0.93%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate methyl orange, relative activity 0.93%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate methyl red, relative activity 100%
additional information
substrate methyl red, relative activity 100%
additional information
substrate new cossin, relative activity 0.1%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate new cossin, relative activity 0.1%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange I, relative activity 0.03%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange I, relative activity 0.03%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange I, relative activity 1.26%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange I, relative activity 1.26%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange II, relative activity 0.01%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange II, relative activity 0.01%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange II, relative activity 0.29%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate orange II, relative activity 0.29%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate sunset yellow FCF, relative activity 0.16%, methyl red 100%
additional information
substrate sunset yellow FCF, relative activity 0.16%, methyl red 100%
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Acidaminococcus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Citrobacter sp., Enterocloster clostridioformis, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rosea, Kocuria varians, Proteus vulgaris, Cereibacter sphaeroides, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Fusobacterium sp., Xenophilus azovorans, Pigmentiphaga kullae, Blautia obeum, Coprococcus catus, Holdemanella biformis, Pigmentiphaga kullae K24, Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) SF, Xenophilus azovorans KF46, Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) OY-2
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Ito, K.; Nakanishi, M.; Lee, W.; Sasaki, H.; Zenno, S.; Saigo, K.; Kitade, Y.; Tanokura, M.
Three-dimensional structure of AzoR from Escherichia coli. An oxidoreductase conserved in microorganisms
J. Biol. Chem.
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Escherichia coli
brenda
Chen, H.; Hopper, S.L.; Cerniglia, C.E.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of an azoreductase from Staphylococcus aureus, a tetrameric NADPH-dependent flavoprotein
Microbiology
151
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2005
Staphylococcus aureus
brenda
Bafana, A.; Chakrabarti, T.; Devi, S.
Azoreductase and dye detoxification activities of Bacillus velezensis strain AB
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
77
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2008
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3VPZ9), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AB (B3VPZ9)
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Liu, G.; Zhou, J.; Jin, R.; Zhou, M.; Wang, J.; Lu, H.; Qu, Y.
Enhancing survival of Escherichia coli by expression of azoreductase AZR possessing quinone reductase activity
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
80
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2008
Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q8GKS3)
brenda
Sandhya, S.; Sarayu, K.; Uma, B.; Swaminathan, K.
Decolorizing kinetics of a recombinant Escherichia coli SS125 strain harboring azoreductase gene from Bacillus latrosporus RRK1
Biores. Technol.
99
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2008
Brevibacillus laterosporus, Brevibacillus laterosporus RRK1
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Ooi, T.; Shibata, T.; Matsumoto, K.; Kinoshita, S.; Taguchi, S.
Comparative enzymatic analysis of azoreductases from bacillus sp. B29
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
73
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Bacillus sp. B29 (C0STY0), Bacillus sp. B29 (C0STY1)
brenda
Liu, G.; Zhou, J.; Wang, J.; Yan, B.; Li, J.; Lu, H.; Qu, Y.; Jin, R.
Site-directed mutagenesis of substrate binding sites of azoreductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Biotechnol. Lett.
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2008
Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q8GKS3)
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Bafana, A.; Chakrabarti, T.
Lateral gene transfer in phylogeny of azoreductase enzyme
Comput. Biol. Chem.
32
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Bacillus subtilis (O07529), Staphylococcus aureus (Q50H63), Pigmentiphaga kullae (Q6YAN1), Enterococcus faecalis (Q831B2), Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q8GKS3), Xenophilus azovorans (Q8KU07), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Q8RR37), Escherichia coli (Q8X9S9), Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) (Q9FAW5), Bacillus subtilis 168 (O07529), Pigmentiphaga kullae K24 (Q6YAN1), Cereibacter sphaeroides AS1.1737 (Q8GKS3), Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) OY1-2 (Q9FAW5), Xenophilus azovorans KF46F / DSM 13620 (Q8KU07)
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Punj, S.; John, G.H.
Purification and identification of an FMN-dependent NAD(P)H azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.
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Enterococcus faecalis (Q831B2), Enterococcus faecalis
brenda
Macwana, S.R.; Punj, S.; Cooper, J.; Schwenk, E.; John, G.H.
Identification and Isolation of an Azoreductase from Enterococcus faecium
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.
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43-48
2009
Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecium (D0EFL2), Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6569
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Liu, G.; Zhou, J.; Fu, Q.S.; Wang, J.
The Escherichia coli azoreductase AzoR Is involved in resistance to thiol-specific stress caused by electrophilic quinones
J. Bacteriol.
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Escherichia coli (P41407)
brenda
Ito, K.; Nakanishi, M.; Lee, W.C.; Zhi, Y.; Sasaki, H.; Zenno, S.; Saigo, K.; Kitade, Y.; Tanokura, M.
Expansion of substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of azoreductase by X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis
J. Biol. Chem.
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Escherichia coli (P41407)
brenda
Chen, H.; Xu, H.; Kweon, O.; Chen, S.; Cerniglia, C.
Functional role of Trp-105 of Enterococcus faecalis azoreductase (AzoA) as resolved by structural and mutational analysis
Microbiology
154
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2008
Enterococcus faecalis
brenda
Wang, C.; Laurieri, N.; Abuhammad, A.; Lowe, E.; Westwood, I.; Ryan, A.; Sim, E.
Role of tyrosine 131 in the active site of paAzoR1, an azoreductase with specificity for the inflammatory bowel disease prodrug balsalazide
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
66
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q9I5F3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
brenda
Chen, H.; Feng, J.; Kweon, O.; Xu, H.; Cerniglia, C.
Identification and molecular characterization of a novel flavin-free NADPH preferred azoreductase encoded by azoB in Pigmentiphaga kullae K24
BMC Biochem.
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Pigmentiphaga kullae (D5HN83), Pigmentiphaga kullae K24, ATCC BAA-795 (D5HN83)
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Punj, S.; John, G.
Purification and identification of an FMN-dependent NAD(P)H azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.
11
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Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 27274
brenda
Morrison, J.M.; Wright, C.M.; John, G.H.
Identification, Isolation and characterization of a novel azoreductase from Clostridium perfringens
Anaerobe
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Clostridium perfringens
brenda
Johansson, H.E.; Johansson, M.K.; Wong, A.C.; Armstrong, E.S.; Peterson, E.J.; Grant, R.E.; Roy, M.A.; Reddington, M.V.; Cook, R.M.
BTI1, an azoreductase with pH-dependent substrate specificity
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
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Staphylococcus aureus (Q50H63)
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Matsumoto, K.; Mukai, Y.; Ogata, D.; Shozui, F.; Nduko, J.; Taguchi, S.; Ooi, T.
Characterization of thermostable FMN-dependent NADH azoreductase from the moderate thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
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Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Q9X4K2)
brenda
Feng, J.; Kweon, O.; Xu, H.; Cerniglia, C.E.; Chen, H.
Probing the NADH- and Methyl Red-binding site of a FMN-dependent azoreductase (AzoA) from Enterococcus faecalis
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
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Enterococcus faecalis (Q831B2)
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Langer, S.; Nakanishi, S.; Mathes, T.; Knaus, T.; Binter, A,.;Macheroux, P.; Mase, T.; Miyakawa, T.; Tanokura, M.; Mack, M.
The flavoenzyme azobenzene reductase AzoR from Escherichia coli binds roseoflavin mononucleotide (RoFMN) with high affinity and is less active in its RoFMN form
Biochemistry
52
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2013
Escherichia coli
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Chevalier, A.; Mercier, C.; Saurel, L.; Orenga, S.; Renard, P.; Romieu, A.
The first latent green fluorophores for the detection of azoreductase activity in bacterial cultures
Chem. Commun. (Camb. )
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Escherichia coli
brenda
Devi, P.; Adhikari, S.
Homology modeling and functional sites prediction of azoreductase enzyme from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC7120
Interdiscip. Sci.
4
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Nostoc sp. (Q8YV76), Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 (Q8YV76)
brenda
Yang, Y.; Lu, L.; Gao, F.; Zhao, Y.
Characterization of an efficient catalytic and organic solvent-tolerant azoreductase toward methyl red from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int.
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2013
Shewanella oneidensis (Q8E990), Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 / ATCC 700550 (Q8E990)
brenda
Ooi, T.; Ogata, D.; Matsumoto, K.; Nakamura, G.; Yu, J.; Yao, M.; Kitamura, M.; Taguchi, S.
Flavin-binding of azoreductase: Direct evidences for dual-binding property of apo-azoreductase with FMN and FAD
J. Mol. Catal. B
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Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria), Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B29
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Shobana, S.; Berla Thangam, E.; Kasmir Raja, S.
Evolutionary trace analysis of azoreductase at the ligand binding site and enhancing the active site through site directed mutagenesis
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Bacillus subtilis (O07529)
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Aranganathan, V.; Kanimozhi, A.M.; Palvannan, T.
Statistical optimization of synthetic azo dye (orange II) degradation by azoreductase from Pseudomonas oleovorans PAMD_1
Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol.
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2013
Pseudomonas oleovorans
brenda
Cui, D.; Li, G.; Zhao, D.; Gu, X.; Wang, C.; Zhao, M.
Purification and characterization of an azoreductase from Escherichia coli CD-2 possessing quinone reductase activity
Process Biochem.
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Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli CD-2
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Ryan, A.; Wang, C.; Laurieri, N.; Westwood, I.; Sim, E.
Reaction mechanism of azoreductases suggests convergent evolution with quinone oxidoreductases
Protein Cell
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780-790
2010
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
brenda
Feng, J.; Heinze, T.; Xu, H.; Cerniglia, C.; Chen, H.
Evidence for significantly enhancing reduction of azo dyes in Escherichia coli by expressed cytoplasmic azoreductase (AzoA) of Enterococcus faecalis
Protein Pept. Lett.
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578-584
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Enterococcus faecalis
brenda
Mani, A.; Hameed, S.
Accelerated production of oxygen-insensitive azoreductase from mutant Pseudomonas species for degradation azo dyes under aerobic condition
Asian J. Chem.
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2016
Pseudomonas sp. B1
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Yang, Y.; Wei, B.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, J.
Construction of an integrated enzyme system consisting azoreductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase for dye removal
Biores. Technol.
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Shewanella oneidensis, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 / ATCC 700550
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Chalansonnet, V.; Mercier, C.; Orenga, S.; Gilbert, C.
Identification of Enterococcus faecalis enzymes with azoreductases and/or nitroreductase activity
BMC Microbiol.
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Enterococcus faecalis (Q838N5), Enterococcus faecalis
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Ryan, A.
Azoreductases in drug metabolism
Br. J. Pharmacol.
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Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Cereibacter sphaeroides, Bacillus sp. B29 (C0STY1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q9I5F3)
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Imran, M.; Negm, F.; Hussain, S.; Ashraf, M.; Ashraf, M.; Ahmad, Z.; Arshad, M.; Crowley, D.
Characterization and purification of membrane-bound azoreductase from azo dye degrading Shewanella sp. strain IFN4
CSAWAC
44
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2016
Shewanella sp. IFN4
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brenda
Liu, Y.N.; Zhang, F.; Li, J.; Li, D.B.; Liu, D.F.; Li, W.W.; Yu, H.Q.
Exclusive extracellular bioreduction of methyl orange by azo reductase-free Geobacter sulfurreducens
Environ. Sci. Technol.
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Geobacter sulfurreducens, Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA
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Rathod, J.; Dhebar, S.; Archana, G.
Efficient approach to enhance whole cell azo dye decolorization by heterologous overexpression of Enterococcus sp. L2 azoreductase (azoA) and Mycobacterium vaccae formate dehydrogenase (fdh) in different bacterial systems
Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad.
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91-100
2017
Enterococcus sp., Enterococcus sp. L2
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Shah, V.; Madamwar, D.
Community genomics isolation, characterization and expression of gene coding for azoreductase
Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad.
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bacterium enrichment culture clone V9DM (G1JTZ7)
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brenda
Lu, L.; Yang, Y.; Lin, H.; Gao, F.; Zhao, Y.
Construction, expression and characterization of fusion enzyme containing azoreductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase for dye removal
Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad.
87
81-86
2014
Shewanella oneidensis (Q8EBE0), Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 / ATCC 700550 (Q8EBE0)
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Haghshenas, H.; Kay, M.; Dehghanian, F.; Tavakol, H.
Molecular dynamics study of biodegradation of azo dyes via their interactions with AzrC azoreductase
J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.
34
453-462
2016
Bacillus sp. B29
brenda
Zhang, X.; Ng, I.; Chang, J.
Cloning and characterization of a robust recombinant azoreductase from Shewanella xiamenensis BC01
J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng.
61
97-105
2015
Shewanella xiamenensis (A0A073KHN9), Shewanella xiamenensis BC01 (A0A073KHN9)
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Brissos, V.; Goncalves, N.; Melo, E.; Martins, L.
Improving kinetic or thermodynamic stability of an azoreductase by directed evolution
PLoS ONE
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e87209
2014
Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas putida MET94
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Feng, J.; Wu, Q.; Zhou, Y.; Hu, Q.; Fang, R.; Tang, L.
Interaction between flavin mononucleotide-containing azoreductase and azo dyes
Spectrosc. Lett.
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626-634
2016
Escherichia coli (P41407)
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Valenzuela-Garcia, L.I.; Zapata, B.L.; Ramirez-Ramirez, N.; Huchin-Mian, J.P.; Robleto, E.A.; Ayala-Garcia, V.M.; Pedraza-Reyes, M.
Novel biochemical properties and physiological role of the flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase YhdA from Bacillus subtilis
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
86
e1688-20
2020
Bacillus subtilis (O07529), Bacillus subtilis
brenda
Suzuki, H.
Remarkable diversification of bacterial azoreductases primary sequences, structures, substrates, physiological roles, and biotechnological applications
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
103
3965-3978
2019
Bacillus sp. OY1-2, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus subtilis ISW1214, Cereibacter sphaeroides, Cereibacter sphaeroides AS1.1737, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus IFO 13737
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Nakhaee, N.; Asad, S.; Khajeh, K.; Arab, S.; Amoozegar, M.
Improving the thermal stability of azoreductase from Halomonas elongata by introducing a disulfide bond via site-directed mutagenesis
Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.
65
883-891
2018
Halomonas elongata
brenda
Qiao, X.; Gong, Y.; Mou, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, Z.; Wen, X.
Identification of a new azoreductase driven prodrug from bardoxolone methyl and 5-aminosalicylate for the treatment of colitis in mice
Chin. J. Nat. Med.
19
545-550
2021
uncultured bacterium
brenda
Bafana, A.; Khan, F.; Suguna, K.
Purification, characterization, and crystal structure of YhdA-type azoreductase from Bacillus velezensis
Proteins
89
483-492
2021
Bacillus velezensis (B3VPZ9)
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