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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
(-)-pinoresinol + NADPH + H+
(-)-lariciresinol + NADP+
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additional information
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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(-)-lariciresinol + NADPH + H+
(+)-secoisolariciresinol + NADP+
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additional information
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(-)-pinoresinol is successively converted into (-)-lariciresinol and (+)-secoisolariciresinol by isozyme PrR1. The pinoresinol reductase shows only weak activity toward lariciresinol
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the protein shows preference for (+)-pinoresinol (R,R configuration at C-atoms 8,8) in the first reaction step, but preference for (-)-lariciresinol (S,S configuration at C-atoms 8,8) in the second reaction step
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(-)-pinoresinol is successively converted into (-)-lariciresinol and (+)-secoisolariciresinol by isozyme LuPLR1, cf. EC 1.23.1.3
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additional information
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(-)-pinoresinol is successively converted into (-)-lariciresinol and (+)-secoisolariciresinol by isozyme PrR1, cf. Ec 1.23.1.3
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additional information
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(-+)-pinoresinol is successively converted into (-+)-lariciresinol and (-+)-secoisolariciresinol by enzyme PinZ
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malfunction
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RNAi-generated plants exhibit LuPLR1 gene silencing and fail to accumulate secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). The accumulation of pinoresinol, the substrate of the PLR1 enzyme, in its diglucosylated form (PDG) is increased in transgenic seeds but does not compensate the overall loss of SDG. The monolignol flux is also deviated through the synthesis of 8-5'-linked neolignans dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG) and dihydro-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DDCG)
malfunction
the loss-of-function mutant of PrR1 shows, in addition to elevated levels of pinoresinol, significantly decreased lignin content and a slightly altered lignin structure with lower abundance of cinnamyl alcohol end groups. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy analysis indicates that the lignin content of the prr1-1 loss-of-function mutant is similar to that of wild-type plants in xylem cells, which exhibit a normal phenotype, but is reduced in the fiber cells. The concentration of the lignan, pinoresinol, is 4.8fold higher in the loss-of-function prr1 mutant than in control plants. Impact of loss of function of PrR1 on the cellular distribution of lignin. The PrR1 isozyme mutation alters the expression level of diverse genes, overview
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of justicidin B
metabolism
pinoresinol is successively converted into lariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol by PrR. Secoisolariciresinol is glycosylated to secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). PLR has enantiomeric control on the lignan biosynthetic pathway
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in Linum usitatissimum, overview. The correlation coefficient between LuPLR1 gene expression and lignan yatein accumulation is as low
metabolism
the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene, LuPLR1, encoding bifunctional pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase, is a key gene involved in secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) biosynthesis, proposed biosynthesis pathway of SDG oligomer, overview
physiological function
isozyme LuPLR1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of (+)-secoisolariciresinol ((+)-SECO) leading to (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in seeds
physiological function
pinoresinol reductase (PrR) catalyzes the conversion of the lignan (-)-pinoresinol to (-)-lariciresinol in Arabidopsis thaliana, where it is encoded by two genes, PrR1 and PrR2, that appear to act redundantly. The enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of the major enantiomer (+)-secoisolariciresinol, it is strongly expressed in the seed coats of developing flax seed. Association of the lignan biosynthetic enzyme encoded by PrR1 with secondary cell wall biosynthesis in fiber cells. PrR1 is regulated by the secondary cell wall transcription factors SND1 and MYB46. PrR1 plays a role in lignan biosynthesis in aerial tissue
physiological function
the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene, LuPLR1, encoding bifunctional pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase, is a key gene involved in secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) biosynthesis, responsible for the synthesis of the enantiomer (+)-secoisolariciresinol, spatiotemporal regulation of LuPLR1 gene expression in flaxseed, overview
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expressed in BL21 (DE3)-RIL cells
expressed in Escherichia coli B834-DE3 cells
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli Nova Blue cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB101
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gene LuPLR1, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis of LuPLR1
gene pinZ, recombinant expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, pinZ expression causes dynamic metabolic changes in stems, but not in roots and leaves. Accumulation of the glucoside of secoisolariciresinol appears to be elevated in the transgenic plant. Expression of pinZ influenced the metabolisms of lignan and glucosinolates but not so much of neolignans such as guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-feruloyl ethers, recombinant enzyme tissue expression pattern in plant seedlings
gene PLR_Lu1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
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gene PrR1, PrR1 is co-expressed with many characterized genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis, gene co-expression networks for Arabidopsis thaliana PrR1 and PrR2, overview. PrR1 is regulated by the secondary cell wall transcription factors SND1 and MYB46
the plasmid is transferred into the disarmed Agrobacter tumefaciens strain GV3101 by triparental mating with Escherichia coli strain HB101 and then introduced into Linum usitatissimum (cv. Barbara) transgenic plants
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the promoter of one pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene LuPLR1 is fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and the spatiotemporal regulation of LuPLR1 gene expression via this promoter in flaxseed is determined by histochemical and activity assays of GUS, recombinant expression of the promoter construct in transgenic flaxseed via transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis
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Fujita, M.; Gang, D.R.; Davin, L.B.; Lewis, N.G.
Recombinant pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases from western red cedar (Thuja plicata) catalyze opposite enantiospecific conversions
J. Biol. Chem.
274
618-627
1999
Thuja plicata
brenda
Hemmati, S.; Schmidt, T.J.; Fuss, E.
(+)-Pinoresinol/(-)-lariciresinol reductase from Linum perenne Himmelszelt involved in the biosynthesis of justicidin B
FEBS Lett.
581
603-610
2007
Linum perenne (A3R052)
brenda
Min, T.; Kasahara, H.; Bedgar, D.L.; Youn, B.; Lawrence, P.K.; Gang, D.R.; Halls, S.C.; Park, H.; Hilsenbeck, J.L.; Davin, L.B.; Lewis, N.G.; Kang, C.
Crystal structures of pinoresinol-lariciresinol and phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductases and their relationship to isoflavone reductases
J. Biol. Chem.
278
50714-50723
2003
Thuja plicata, Thuja plicata (Q9LD14)
brenda
von Heimendahl, C.B.; Schaefer, K.M.; Eklund, P.; Sjoeholm, R.; Schmidt, T.J.; Fuss, E.
Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases with different stereospecificity from Linum album and Linum usitatissimum
Phytochemistry
66
1254-1263
2005
Linum usitatissimum
brenda
Hemmati, S.; von Heimendahl, C.B.; Klaes, M.; Alfermann, A.W.; Schmidt, T.J.; Fuss, E.
Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases with opposite enantiospecificity determine the enantiomeric composition of lignans in the different organs of Linum usitatissimum L.
Planta Med.
76
928-934
2010
Linum usitatissimum
brenda
Hano, C.; Martin, I.; Fliniaux, O.; Legrand, B.; Gutierrez, L.; Arroo, R.R.; Mesnard, F.; Lamblin, F.; Laine, E.
Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene expression and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside accumulation in developing flax (Linum usitatissimum) seeds
Planta
224
1291-1301
2006
Linum usitatissimum
brenda
Renouard, S.; Corbin, C.; Lopez, T.; Montguillon, J.; Gutierrez, L.; Lamblin, F.; Laine, E.; Hano, C.
Abscisic acid regulates pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene expression and secoisolariciresinol accumulation in developing flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds
Planta
235
85-98
2012
Linum usitatissimum
brenda
Tamura, M.; Tsuji, Y.; Kusunose, T.; Okazawa, A.; Kamimura, N.; Mori, T.; Nakabayashi, R.; Hishiyama, S.; Fukuhara, Y.; Hara, H.; Sato-Izawa, K.; Muranaka, T.; Saito, K.; Katayama, Y.; Fukuda, M.; Masai, E.; Kajita, S.
Successful expression of a novel bacterial gene for pinoresinol reductase and its effect on lignan biosynthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
98
8165-8177
2014
Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 (G2IMF2)
brenda
Fang, J.; Ramsay, A.; Renouard, S.; Hano, C.; Lamblin, F.; Chabbert, B.; Mesnard, F.; Schneider, B.
Laser microdissection and spatiotemporal pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene expression assign the cell layer-specific accumulation of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed coats
Front. Plant Sci.
7
1743
2016
Linum usitatissimum (Q4R0H9)
brenda
Renouard, S.; Tribalatc, M.A.; Lamblin, F.; Mongelard, G.; Fliniaux, O.; Corbin, C.; Marosevic, D.; Pilard, S.; Demailly, H.; Gutierrez, L.; Hano, C.; Mesnard, F.; Laine, E.
RNAi-mediated pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase gene silencing in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed coat consequences on lignans and neolignans accumulation
J. Plant Physiol.
171
1372-1377
2014
Linum usitatissimum
brenda
Zhao, Q.; Zeng, Y.; Yin, Y.; Pu, Y.; Jackson, L.A.; Engle, N.L.; Martin, M.Z.; Tschaplinski, T.J.; Ding, S.Y.; Ragauskas, A.J.; Dixon, R.A.
Pinoresinol reductase 1 impacts lignin distribution during secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Phytochemistry
112
170-178
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FVQ6)
brenda
Corbin, C.; Drouet, S.; Mateljak, I.; Markulin, L.; Decourtil, C.; Renouard, S.; Lopez, T.; Doussot, J.; Lamblin, F.; Auguin, D.; Laine, E.; Fuss, E.; Hano, C.
Functional characterization of the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase-2 gene reveals its roles in yatein biosynthesis and flax defense response
Planta
246
405-420
2017
Linum usitatissimum (Q4R0H9)
brenda