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antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
additional information
?
-
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the violaxanthin/antheraxanthin cycle in Mantionella is caused by the interaction of the slow second de-epoxidation step and the relatively fast epoxidation of antheraxanthin to violaxanthin
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
ir
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
ir
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
overall reaction
-
?
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
overall reaction
-
?
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
overall reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in the xanthophyll cycle and in abscisic acid biosynthesis, abscisic acid is a plant hormone and key molecule that regulates plant responses to abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, and is required for stress tolerance, overexpression of ZEP leads to increased salt and rought tolerance in transgenic plants, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
up-regulation of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene ABA1/ZEP and three 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, NCED2, NCED5, and NCED9 is responsible for suppression of seed germination at supraoptimal high temperature, thermoinhibitIon, during summer to establish vegetative and reproductive growth in appropriate seasons of Arabidopsis thaliana, abscisic acid and gibberellins play a role in the regulation of germination, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in photoprotective mechanisms in higher plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a conserved cysteine residue is involved in the catalytic reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, but has no regulating function on abscisic acid synthesis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
drought stress causes an increase of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in root but not in leafs. Strong diurnal expression pattern for zeaxanthin epoxidase in leafs, oscillation with a phase very similar to light-harvesting complex II mRNA, oscillation continues in a 48 h dark period
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a conserved cysteine residue is involved in the catalytic reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ascisic acid, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ascisic acid, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
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antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
additional information
?
-
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the violaxanthin/antheraxanthin cycle in Mantionella is caused by the interaction of the slow second de-epoxidation step and the relatively fast epoxidation of antheraxanthin to violaxanthin
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in the xanthophyll cycle and in abscisic acid biosynthesis, abscisic acid is a plant hormone and key molecule that regulates plant responses to abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, and is required for stress tolerance, overexpression of ZEP leads to increased salt and rought tolerance in transgenic plants, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
up-regulation of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene ABA1/ZEP and three 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, NCED2, NCED5, and NCED9 is responsible for suppression of seed germination at supraoptimal high temperature, thermoinhibitIon, during summer to establish vegetative and reproductive growth in appropriate seasons of Arabidopsis thaliana, abscisic acid and gibberellins play a role in the regulation of germination, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in photoprotective mechanisms in higher plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, but has no regulating function on abscisic acid synthesis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
drought stress causes an increase of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in root but not in leafs. Strong diurnal expression pattern for zeaxanthin epoxidase in leafs, oscillation with a phase very similar to light-harvesting complex II mRNA, oscillation continues in a 48 h dark period
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ascisic acid, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ascisic acid, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress, the expression of lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plants capacity to develop freezing tolerance, overview, the enzyme is under regulation during the diurnal cycle
-
-
?
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Gruszecki, W.I.; Krupa, Z.
LHCII, the major light-harvesting pigment-protein complex is a zeaxanthin epoxidase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1144
97-101
1993
Secale cereale
-
brenda
Hieber, A.D.; Bugos, R.C.; Yamamoto, H.Y.
Plant lipocalins: violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1482
84-91
2000
Arabidopsis sp., Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum, Prunus americana, Solanum lycopersicum Mill.
brenda
Marin, E.; Nussaume, L.; Quesada, A.; Gonneau, M.; Sotta, B.; Hugueney, P.; Frey, A.; Marion-Poll, A.
Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana
EMBO J.
15
2331-2342
1996
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Q40412), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
brenda
Bch, K.; Stransky, H.; Hager, A.
FAD is a further essential cofactor of the NAD(P)H and O2-dependent zeaxanthin-epoxidase
FEBS Lett.
376
45-48
1995
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Bugos, R.C.; Hieber, A.D.; Yamamoto, H.Y.
Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants
J. Biol. Chem.
273
15321-15324
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Burbidge, A.; Greieve, T.; Terry, C.; Corlett, J.; Thompson, A.; Taylor, I.
Structure and expression of a cDNA encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase, isolated from a wilt-related tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) library
J. Exp. Bot.
48
1749-1750
1997
Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum (P93236), Solanum lycopersicum Mill. (P93236)
-
brenda
Thompson, A.J.; Jackson, A.C.; Parker, R.A.; Morpeth, D.R.; Burbidge, A.; Taylor, I.B.
Abscisic acid biosynthesis in tomato: regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase mRNAs by light/dark cycles, water stress and abscisic acid
Plant Mol. Biol.
42
833-845
2000
Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Frommolt, R.; Goss, R.; Wilhelm, C.
The de-epoxidase and epoxidase reactions of Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae) exhibit different substrate-specific reaction kinetics compared to spinach
Planta
213
446-456
2001
Mantoniella squamata
brenda
Matsubara, S.; Morosinotto, T.; Bassi, R.; Christian, A.L.; Fischer-Schliebs, E.; Luttge, U.; Orthen, B.; Franco, A.C.; Scarano, F.R.; Forster, B.; Pogson, B.J.; Osmond, C.B.
Occurrence of the lutein-epoxide cycle in mistletoes of the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae
Planta
217
868-879
2003
Viscum album, Amyema miquelii, Amyema cambagei, Amyema pendulum, Muellerina eucalyptoides, Nuytsia floribunda, Phthirusa ovata, Psittacanthus dichrous, Psittacanthus robustus, Struthanthus flexicaulis, Struthanthus marginatus, Viscum laxum, Arceuthobium oxycedri, Arceuthobium divaricatum, Phoradendron californicum, Phoradendron juniperinum, Phoradendron dipterum, Phoradendron emarginatum, Phoradendron piperoides, Phoradendron tunaeforme, Phoradendron hexastichon, Phoradendron perrottetii, Phoradendron piauhyanum, Phoradendron semivenosum, Phoradendron undulatum, Cassytha filiformis, Exocarpos cupressiformis, Melampyrum pratense
brenda
Barrero, J.M.; Piqueras, P.; Gonzalez-Guzman, M.; Serrano, R.; Rodriguez, P.L.; Ponce, M.R.; Micol, J.L.
A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development
J. Exp. Bot.
56
2071-2083
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGC7), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Latowski, D.; Kruk, J.; Strzaska, K.
Inhibition of zeaxanthin epoxidase activity by cadmium ions in higher plants
J. Inorg. Biochem.
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2005
Lemna trisulca, Solanum lycopersicum, Prunus armeniaca
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Latowski, D.; Banas, A.K.; Strzaska, K.; Gabrys, H.
Amino sugars - new inhibitors of zeaxanthin epoxidase, a violaxanthin cycle enzyme
J. Plant Physiol.
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2007
Lemna trisulca
brenda
Destefano-Beltran, L.; Knauber, D.; Huckle, L.; Suttle, J.C.
Effects of postharvest storage and dormancy status on ABA content, metabolism, and expression of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and metabolism in potato tuber tissues
Plant Mol. Biol.
61
687-697
2006
Solanum tuberosum (Q3HNF5), Solanum tuberosum
brenda
Charron, J.F.; Ouellet, F.; Pelletier, M.; Danyluk, J.; Chauve, C.; Sarhan, F.
Identification, expression, and evolutionary analyses of plant lipocalins
Plant Physiol.
139
2017-2028
2005
Debaryomyces hansenii, Neopyropia yezoensis, Triticum aestivum (Q38JB3), Triticum aestivum (Q38JE5), Triticum aestivum (Q8S9H0)
brenda
Frey, A.; Boutin, J.P.; Sotta, B.; Mercier, R.; Marion-Poll, A.
Regulation of carotenoid and ABA accumulation during the development and germination of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia seeds
Planta
224
622-632
2006
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
brenda
Kruk, J.; Szymanska, R.
Occurrence of neoxanthin and lutein epoxide cycle in parasitic Cuscuta species
Acta Biochim. Pol.
55
183-190
2008
Cuscuta reflexa, Cuscuta gronovii, Cuscuta lupuliformis, Cuscuta campestris, Cuscuta epithymum, Cuscuta europaea, Cuscuta japonica, Cuscuta platyloba
brenda
Park, H.Y.; Seok, H.Y.; Park, B.K.; Kim, S.H.; Goh, C.H.; Lee, B.H.; Lee, C.H.; Moon, Y.H.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis ZEP enhances tolerance to osmotic stress
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
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80-85
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Wang, N.; Fang, W.; Han, H.; Sui, N.; Li, B.; Meng, Q.W.
Overexpression of zeaxanthin epoxidase gene enhances the sensitivity of tomato PSII photoinhibition to high light and chilling stress
Physiol. Plant.
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2008
Solanum lycopersicum (A5JV19), Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Galpaz, N.; Wang, Q.; Menda, N.; Zamir, D.; Hirschberg, J.
Abscisic acid deficiency in the tomato mutant high-pigment 3 leading to increased plastid number and higher fruit lycopene content
Plant J.
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2008
Solanum lycopersicum (A5JV19), Solanum lycopersicum
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Toh, S.; Imamura, A.; Watanabe, A.; Nakabayashi, K.; Okamoto, M.; Jikumaru, Y.; Hanada, A.; Aso, Y.; Ishiyama, K.; Tamura, N.; Iuchi, S.; Kobayashi, M.; Yamaguchi, S.; Kamiya, Y.; Nambara, E.; Kawakami, N.
High temperature-induced abscisic acid biosynthesis and its role in the inhibition of gibberellin action in Arabidopsis seeds
Plant Physiol.
146
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2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Clotault, J.; Peltier, D.; Berruyer, R.; Thomas, M.; Briard, M.; Geoffriau, E.
Expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes during carrot root development
J. Exp. Bot.
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2008
Daucus carota (Q2VEX1), Daucus carota
brenda
Nowicka, B.; Strzalka, W.; Strzalka, K.
New transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana with partly disabled zeaxanthin epoxidase activity displays changed carotenoid composition, xanthophyll cycle activity and non-photochemical quenching kinetics
J. Plant Physiol.
166
1045-1056
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Esteban, R.; Olano, J.M.; Castresana, J.; Fernandez-Marin, B.; Hernandez, A.; Becerril, J.M.; Garcia-Plazaola, J.I.
Distribution and evolutionary trends of photoprotective isoprenoids (xanthophylls and tocopherols) within the plant kingdom
Physiol. Plant.
135
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2009
Solanum tuberosum (A0N062), Solanum tuberosum (Q3HNF5), Solanum lycopersicum (A5JV19), Solanum lycopersicum (P93236), Citrus unshiu (Q766F5), Citrus unshiu (Q8W3L2), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGC7)
brenda
Vallabhaneni, R.; Wurtzel, E.T.
Timing and biosynthetic potential for carotenoid accumulation in genetically diverse germplasm of maize
Plant Physiol.
150
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2009
Zea mays
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Coesel, S.; Obornik, M.; Varela, J.; Falciatore, A.; Bowler, C.
Evolutionary origins and functions of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in marine diatoms
PLoS ONE
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2008
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B7FQV6), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B7FUR7), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B7FYW4), Phaeodactylum tricornutum
brenda
Schaller, S.; Wilhelm, C.; Strzalka, K.; Goss, R.
Investigating the interaction between the violaxanthin cycle enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase and the thylakoid membrane
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2012
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Eilers, U.; Dietzel, L.; Breitenbach, J.; Buechel, C.; Sandmann, G.
Identification of genes coding for functional zeaxanthin epoxidases in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
J. Plant Physiol.
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64-70
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Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B7FQV6), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B7FUR7), Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP 1055/1 (B7FQV6), Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP 1055/1 (B7FUR7)
brenda
Zhao, S.; Tuan, P.; Kim, J.; Park, W.; Kim, Y.; Arasu, M.; Al-Dhabi, N.; Yang, J.; Li, C.; Park, S.
Molecular characterization of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in Lycium chinense
Molecules
19
11250-11262
2014
Lycium chinense (V9ZCX1), Lycium chinense
brenda
Schwarz, N.; Armbruster, U.; Iven, T.; Brueckle, L.; Melzer, M.; Feussner, I.; Jahns, P.
Tissue-specific accumulation and regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Arabidopsis reflect the multiple functions of the enzyme in plastids
Plant Cell Physiol.
56
346-357
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGC7)
brenda
Zhang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Chang, L.; Zhang, T.; An, J.; Liu, Y.; Cao, Y.; Zhao, X.; Sha, X.; Hu, T.; Yang, P.
MsZEP, a novel zeaxanthin epoxidase gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco
Plant Cell Rep.
35
439-453
2016
Medicago sativa (A0A089GI24), Medicago sativa
brenda
Gonzalez-Jorge, S.; Mehrshahi, P.; Magallanes-Lundback, M.; Lipka, A.E.; Angelovici, R.; Gore, M.A.; DellaPenna, D.
ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE activity potentiates carotenoid degradation in maturing seed
Plant Physiol.
171
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2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FGC7)
brenda
Gholampour, H.; Ghayeb Zamharir, M.; Karimi, J.; Farrokhi, N.; Alizadeh, A.; Taheri, P.
Identification of genes expressed differentially in grapefruit infected with Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus in the late stage of disease
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2014
Citrus x paradisi
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brenda