The enzyme, studied from phytopathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas savastanoi, is involved in a pathway for the production of (indol-3-yl)acetate (IAA), the main auxin hormone in plants.
The enzyme, studied from phytopathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas savastanoi, is involved in a pathway for the production of (indol-3-yl)acetate (IAA), the main auxin hormone in plants.
tryptophan aminotransferase (TAT) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (TMO) participate in first step of tryptophan catabolism leading to the formation of indole acetic acid. Indole biosynthesis in strain JA2 occurs via the de novo shikimate pathway. Induction of tryptophan aminotransferase and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activities corroborates well with indole 3-acetic acid levels, suggesting that tryptophan catabolism occurs simultaneously in aniline exposed cells. Aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway
tryptophan aminotransferase (TAT) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (TMO) participate in first step of tryptophan catabolism leading to the formation of indole acetic acid. Indole biosynthesis in strain JA2 occurs via the de novo shikimate pathway. Induction of tryptophan aminotransferase and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activities corroborates well with indole 3-acetic acid levels, suggesting that tryptophan catabolism occurs simultaneously in aniline exposed cells. Aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway
Crown gall development requires the expression of agrobacterial genes in the plant host, e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes are transferred by the T-DNA of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens and include the oncogenes IaaH, IaaM and Ipt, which, according to the tumor-inducing principle, are essential for crown gall development. Virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their T-DNA into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. Essential for crown gall development are IaaH (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), IaaM (tryptophan monooxygenase) and Ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (IaaH, IaaM) and cytokinin (Ipt). The oncogenes are involved in auxin and cytokinin production. The intergenic regions (IGRs) between the coding sequences (CDS) of the three oncogenes function as promoters in plant cells, but gene IaaM is constitutively expressed and no transcription factor further activates its promoter. With increasing auxin levels triggered by ubiquitous expression of IaaH and IaaM, ARF5 is activated and interacts with WRKY40 to potentiate Ipt expression and balance cytokinin and auxin levels for further cell proliferation. Transcriptional regulation of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes IaaH, IaaM and Ipt in the host plant, detailed overview
tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (TMO) participate in first step of tryptophan catabolism leading to the formation of indole acetic acid. Metabolic profiling reveals tryptophan accumulation only in aniline exposed cells along with indole 3-acetic acid and indole 3-aldehyde, the two major catabolites of tryptophan. Deuterium labelled aniline feeding studies reveal that while fumarate is the precursor of indole biosynthesis, aniline is not a precursor of indoles in strain JA2, but is an indole biosynthesis stimulator
tryptophan 2-monooxygenase from Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici produces the auxin precursor indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and is involved in auxin biosynthesis and rust pathogenicity. Auxin acts as a regulator of plant growth and development but its production can also affect plantmicrobe interactions. Expression of Pgt-IaaM in Arabidopsis thaliana haustoria causes a typical auxin expression phenotype and promotes susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (TMO) participate in first step of tryptophan catabolism leading to the formation of indole acetic acid. Metabolic profiling reveals tryptophan accumulation only in aniline exposed cells along with indole 3-acetic acid and indole 3-aldehyde, the two major catabolites of tryptophan. Deuterium labelled aniline feeding studies reveal that while fumarate is the precursor of indole biosynthesis, aniline is not a precursor of indoles in strain JA2, but is an indole biosynthesis stimulator
tryptophan 2-monooxygenase from Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici produces the auxin precursor indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and is involved in auxin biosynthesis and rust pathogenicity. Auxin acts as a regulator of plant growth and development but its production can also affect plantmicrobe interactions. Expression of Pgt-IaaM in Arabidopsis thaliana haustoria causes a typical auxin expression phenotype and promotes susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Crown gall development requires the expression of agrobacterial genes in the plant host, e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes are transferred by the T-DNA of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens and include the oncogenes IaaH, IaaM and Ipt, which, according to the tumor-inducing principle, are essential for crown gall development. Virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their T-DNA into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. Essential for crown gall development are IaaH (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), IaaM (tryptophan monooxygenase) and Ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (IaaH, IaaM) and cytokinin (Ipt). The oncogenes are involved in auxin and cytokinin production. The intergenic regions (IGRs) between the coding sequences (CDS) of the three oncogenes function as promoters in plant cells, but gene IaaM is constitutively expressed and no transcription factor further activates its promoter. With increasing auxin levels triggered by ubiquitous expression of IaaH and IaaM, ARF5 is activated and interacts with WRKY40 to potentiate Ipt expression and balance cytokinin and auxin levels for further cell proliferation. Transcriptional regulation of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes IaaH, IaaM and Ipt in the host plant, detailed overview
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
determined by X-ray diffraction methods to a resolution of 1.95 A. The overall structure of the protein shows that it has the same fold as members of the monoamine oxidase family of flavoproteins, with the greatest similarities to the L-amino acid oxidases
gene IaaM, the gene is constitutively expressed in plant host Arabidopsis thaliana via Ti plasmid-encoded T-DNA insertion in tranfected cells, and no transcription factor further activates its promoter IGR1b, that contains cis-regulatory binding elements. Genetic organization, overview. Transcription factor ARR1 can regulate transcription of the IaaH or IaaM genes. Promoter IGR1 drives expression of IaaH and IaaM and contains only one Wbox and AuxRE sequence motif, and this is more closely localized upstream of the IaaM than that of the IaaH TATA box
gene PGTG_11658 or Pgt-IaaM, transgenic expression of gene Pgt-IaaM in Arabidopsis thaliana haustoria causes a typical auxin expression phenotype and promotes susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, transgenic expression of gene Pgt-IaaM in Triticum aestivum leaves, phenotypes, overview. Silencing of Pgt-IaaM by wheat host-induced gene silencing reduces the pathogenicity of Puccinia graminis. Expression of Pgt-IaaM in Arabidopsis thaliana displays pleiotropic auxin-related phenotypes
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway, including tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity, by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway
aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway, including tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity, by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway
aniline (stress) stimulates tryptophan/indoles synthesis via the shikimate pathway, including tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity, by possibly modulating the metabolic pathway
Microbial synthesis and degradation of indole-3-acetic acid. I. The conversion of L-tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide by an enzyme system from Pseudomonas savastanoi
Analysis of the roles of amino acid residues in the flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase modified by 2-oxo-3-pentynoate: characterization of His338, Cys339, and Cys511 mutant enzymes
Characterization of 2-oxo-3-pentynoate as an active-site-directed inactivator of flavoprotein oxidase: identification of active-site peptides in tryptophan 2-monooxygenase
Ralph, E.C.; Anderson, M.A.; Cleland, W.W.; Fitzpatrick, P.F.
Mechanistic studies of the flavoenzyme tryptophan 2-monooxygenase: deuterium and (15)N kinetic isotope effects on alanine oxidation by an l-amino acid oxidase