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(2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid
93.3% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid
89.1% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid
92.7% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid
93.5% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(E/Z)-sulfindac
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
1,10-phenanthroline
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
1,7-phenanthroline
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
1-(4'nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol
-
inactivation dependent on NAD+ concentration, optimal at 0.5-1.0 mM NAD+, 2-mercaptoethanol prvides a concentration-dependent protection
1-(4'nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
inactivation can be retarded markedly in a concentration-dependent manner by both NADH and NADPH. Competitive inhibitor of NAD+ binding, measured for androsterone oxidation
1-(4'nitrophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-one
-
competitive inhibitor of NAD+ binding, measured for androsterone oxidation
1-(4-[[(2R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one
IC50 value in HCT-116 cells engineered to over-express AKR1C3 is 11 nM
1-(4-[[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one
IC50 value in HCT-116 cells engineered to over-express AKR1C3 is 22 nM
1-[4-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
IC50 value in HCT-116 cells engineered to over-express AKR1C3 is 24 nM
17beta-bromoacetoxy-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
-
inactivation by modification of steroid-binding site
2'-hydroxyflavanone
-
most potent inhibitor, 0.02 mM inhibits by 98.9% and in an uncompetitive manner
2-(2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
inhibitor is about 1000times more selective for isoform AKR1C3 over AKR1C2, and selectivity is even higher when compared with AKR1C1 and AKR1C4
2-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]amino]-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid
-
2-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]amino]-5-nitrobenzoic acid
-
21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
-
-
3-((4-nitronaphthalen-1-yl)amino)benzoic acid
inhibitor nanomolar potency and selective inhibition of isoform AKR1C3 but also acts as an androgen receptor antagonist. It inhibits 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone stimulated androgen receptor reporter gene activity with an IC50 value of 4.7 microM and produces a concentration dependent reduction in androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer cells
3-phenoxybenzoic acid
inhibitor carboxylic acid binds to the oxyanion site, in which the carboxylate group very closely overlays the acetate molecule found in other AKR1C3 structures and forms hydrogen bonds to the enzyme catalytic residues His117 and Tyr55, as well as to a conserved water network located in and near the SP3 subpocket. The 3-phenoxy ring extends into the SP1 subpocket and makes van der Waals contacts with the aromatic residues Phe306, Phe311 and Tyr319 that line the pocket
3-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]benzoic acid
94fold selectivity for the inhibition of isoform AKR1C3 over AKR1C2
3-[[4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoic acid
360fold selectivity for the inhibition of isoform AKR1C3 over AKR1C2
3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoic acid
3a-phenyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
inhibitor shows 17fold and 30fold selectivity against isoforms AKR1C2 and AKR1C1, respectively, and much higher selectivity against AKR1C4
4-androstene-3,17-dione
-
versus substrate, the products, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and NADH, inhibit the activity uncompetitively and competitively, respectively, with respect to NAD+ in the presence of a saturated concentration of 0.004 mM of the substrate
5-bromo-2-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]amino]benzoic acid
-
5-chloro-2-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]amino]benzoic acid
-
5beta-Pregnan-3beta-ol-20-one
-
-
6alpha-Methylprednisolone
-
-
7-hydroxyflavone
-
very potent inhibitor, 0.02 mM inhibits by 82.5%
9-(phenylcarbonyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-11-one
-
competitive
acetaminophen
-
non-competitive, only androsterone oxidation, pH 7.0
acetylenic ketones
-
inactivation by forming Michael adducts with enzyme nucleophiles
-
apigenin
-
0.02 mM inhibits by ca. 50%
aspirin
-
salicylate, non-competitive, only androsterone oxidation, pH 7.0
Betamethasone
-
non-competitive
celecoxib
-
synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor, in vivo IC50: 0.050 mM in fluorometric assay, in vitro IC50: 0.050 mM in fluorometric assay
Cibacron blue
-
nucleotide analog, competitive with respect to NADP+, noncompetitive to androsterone
Cu2+
-
100% inhibition at 0.1 mM
D-glucose 6-phosphate
-
-
epigallocatechin gallate
-
-
iodoacetate
-
50% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Ketamine
-
specific inhibitor for AKR1C17, but no inhibition of AKR1C9
luteolin
-
0.02 mM inhibits by ca. 50%
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
-
-
Mefenamic acid
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
NADH
-
the products, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and NADH, inhibit the activity uncompetitively and competitively, respectively, with respect to NAD+ in the presence of a saturated concentration of 0.004 mM of the substrate
naphthalene-1,2-dione
naphthalene-1,2-dione leads to the time and concentration dependent irreversible inactivation of AKR1C9 via alkylation
naproxen
-
synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor, in vivo IC50: 0.0094 mM in fluorometric assay, 0.016 mM in radiometric assay, in vitro IC50: 0.0027 mM in fluorometric assay
naringenin
-
very potent inhibitor, 0.02 mM inhibits by 71.9%
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug
-
Oxyphenybutazone
-
competitive
p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
-
-
Phenolphthalein
-
AKR1C4-selective inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo inhibition, IC50: 0.0004 mM
ponalrestat
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y, weak inhibitor
Prednisolone
-
competitive
progesterone
-
competitive to testosterone
prostaglandin A2alpha
-
-
prostaglandin F1alpha
-
-
quercetin
-
0.02 mM inhibits by ca. 50%
salicylate
-
non-competitive
silibinin
-
0.02 mM inhibits by ca. 50%
Tolmetin
-
competitive, only androsterone oxidation, pH 7.0
ursodeoxycholate
-
natural inhibitor, in vivo IC50: 0.00024 mM in fluorometric assay, 0.00014 mM in radiometric assay, in vitro IC50: 0.000049 mM in fluorometric assay
Zomepirac
-
competitive, only androsterone oxidation, pH 7.0
3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoic acid
250fold selectivity for the inhibition of isoform AKR1C3 over AKR1C2
3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoic acid
in complex with AKR1C3. Compound adopts a similar binding orientation as flufenamic acid, however, its phenylamino ring projects deeper into a subpocket and confers selectivity over the other AKR1C isoforms
dexamethasone
-
-
dexamethasone
-
non-competitive
Flufenamic acid
-
a nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drug, IC50: 1.084 mM
Flufenamic acid
-
synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor, in vivo IC50: 0.0040 mM in fluorometric assay, in vitro IC50: 0.00031 mM in fluorometric assay
Flufenamic acid
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
Hexestrol
-
-
Hexestrol
-
hydroxysteroid analog, uncompetitive versus NADP+, competitive versus androsterone
Ibuprofen
-
synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor, in vivo IC50: 0.017 mM in fluorometric assay, in vitro IC50: 0.009 mM in fluorometric assay
indomethacin
-
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug, uncompetitive against NAD+, competitive against androsterone
indomethacin
-
competitive, IC50 for reduction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone is 0.000735 mM and of androsterone 0.00333 mM
indomethacin
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
Meclofenamic acid
-
competitive
Meclofenamic acid
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug
-
-
-
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug
-
competitive
-
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug
-
-
-
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
-
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
non-competitive with respect to dihydrocortisone 46-100% inhibition at 0.01 mM, preincubation with NADH lowers the inhibitory effect
Prostaglandin
-
A2alpha
Prostaglandin
-
A1, B1, E1, F1, F1alpha, A2, B2, E2 and F2alpha, inhibit 9,10-phenanthrenequinone reduction and androsterone oxidation, the order of inhibitory potency is related to their lipophilicity
testosterone
-
competitive inhibitor of androsterone binding
testosterone
-
competitive to progesterone
zopolrestat
-
wild-type, W86Y and W227Y, weak inhibitor
additional information
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no inhibition by the bile acid 5beta-cholanic acid-3alpha,7alpha-diol
-
additional information
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dutasteride alters the expression level of the enzyme in breast cancer cells, the inhibitor affects the 5alpha-progesterone reductase and the progesterone metabolism, overview
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additional information
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is not inhibited by 0.02 mM caffeic acid, rutin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, cyanin chloride and taxifolin
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additional information
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not inhibited by dicoumarol, disulfiram and barbiturates. Inhibitory potency of non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs and salicylates falls sharply as the pH is increased from 6 to 9
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