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biotechnology
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possible usage of the enzyme in bioindustrial processes and as biosensor
energy production
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preparation of a bioanode for use in ethanol oxidation. The bioanode is obtained via immobilization of dehydrogenase enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase) with polyamidoamine dendrimers onto carbon paper platforms, using the layer-by-layer technique. The prepared bioanode proves to be capable of producing good power density values
pharmacology
AE010289.1
the alcohol dehydrogenase effectively catalyzes the reductions of various substituted alpha-chloroacetophenones to form the (R)-enantiomer of the corresponding chlorohydrins with excellent ennatiomeric purity. The co-factor NADH can be recycled by the D-glucose dehydrogenase and D-glucose regeneration system or via the simple hydrogen transfer mode using iso-propanol as the hydrogen donor. The applicability of the alcohol-dehydrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen transfer reduction in the synthesis of optically active chlorohydrins is demonstrated by carrying out several reductions on the preparative scale. Thus enzyme is a valuable biocatalyst for the preparation of chiral chlorohydrins of pharmaceutical interest
biofuel production
ethanol production by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by expression of bacterial bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase (Tx-AdhE). Ethanol and acetate are the only major carbon end-products from glucose under these conditions. The amount of ethanol produced per estimated glucose consumed is increased from the background level 0.7 respectively. Although ethanol production from acetyl-CoA is demonstrated in Pyrococcus furiosus, the highest ethanol yield (from strain Te-AdhEA) is still lower than that of the AAA pathway in Pyrococcus furiosus, which functions via the native enzymes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR) along with heterologously expressed alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA)
biofuel production
C7IV28
expression in Pyrococcus furiosus from which the native aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR) gene is deleted supports ethanol production. The highest amount of ethanol (estimated 61% theoretical yield) is produced when adhE and adhA from Thermoanaerobacter are co-expressed. A strain containing the Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhE in a synthetic operon with AdhA is constructed. The AdhA gene is amplified from Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514. The amino acid sequence of AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 is identical to that of AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Of the bacterial strains expressing the various heterologous AdhE genes, only those containing AdhE and AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. produced ethanol above background. The Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhEA strain containing both AdhE and AdhA produces the most ethanol (4.2 mM), followed by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhE strain (2.6 mM), Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhA strain (1.8 mM) and Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 AdhE strain (1.5 mM). Ethanol and acetate are the only major carbon end-products from glucose under these conditions. For these four strains, the amount of ethanol produced per estimated glucose consumed is increased from the background level to 1.2, 1.0, 0.8 and 0.7 respectively
biofuel production
proteome analysis as well as enzyme assays performed in cell-free extracts demonstrates that glycerol is degraded via glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is further metabolized through the lower part of glycolysis leading to formation of mainly ethanol and hydrogen. Fermentation of glycerol to ethanol and hydrogen by this bacterium represents a remarkable option to add value to the biodiesel industries by utilization of surplus glycerol
biofuel production
alcohol dehydrogenase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a key enzyme for biofuel production. It is a necessary enzyme in the synthesis of ethanol and butanol with critical importance in the production of biofuels. Alcohol dehydrogenase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has higher efficiency for the production of alcohols such as 1-butanol and isobutanol
biofuel production
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alcohol dehydrogenase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a key enzyme for biofuel production. It is a necessary enzyme in the synthesis of ethanol and butanol with critical importance in the production of biofuels. Alcohol dehydrogenase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has higher efficiency for the production of alcohols such as 1-butanol and isobutanol
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biofuel production
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expression in Pyrococcus furiosus from which the native aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR) gene is deleted supports ethanol production. The highest amount of ethanol (estimated 61% theoretical yield) is produced when adhE and adhA from Thermoanaerobacter are co-expressed. A strain containing the Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhE in a synthetic operon with AdhA is constructed. The AdhA gene is amplified from Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514. The amino acid sequence of AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 is identical to that of AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Of the bacterial strains expressing the various heterologous AdhE genes, only those containing AdhE and AdhA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. produced ethanol above background. The Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhEA strain containing both AdhE and AdhA produces the most ethanol (4.2 mM), followed by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhE strain (2.6 mM), Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus AdhA strain (1.8 mM) and Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 AdhE strain (1.5 mM). Ethanol and acetate are the only major carbon end-products from glucose under these conditions. For these four strains, the amount of ethanol produced per estimated glucose consumed is increased from the background level to 1.2, 1.0, 0.8 and 0.7 respectively
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degradation
direct conversion of switchgrass to ethanol without conventional pretreatment of the biomass is accomplished by deletion of lactate dehydrogenase and heterologous expression of a Clostridium thermocellum bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Whereas wild-type Caldicellulosiruptor bescii lacks the ability to make ethanol, 70% of the fermentation products in the engineered strain are ethanol (12.8 mM ethanol directly from 2% wt/vol switchgrass) with decreased production of acetate by 38% compared with wild-type
degradation
expression of AdhB gene in an ldh deletion mutant of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii leads to ethanol production at 75°C, near the ethanol boiling point. The AdhB expressing strain produces ethanol (1.4 mM on Avicel, 0.4 mM on switchgrass) as well as acetate (13.0 mM on Avicel, 15.7 mM on switchgrass). The addition of 40 mM MOPS to the growth medium increases the maximal growth yield of C. bescii by approximately twofold
degradation
expression of AdhB gene in an ldh deletion mutant of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii leads to ethanol production at 75°C, near the ethanol boiling point. The AdhE expressing strain produce ethanol (2.3 mM on Avicel, 1.6 mM on switchgrass) and acetate (12.3 mM on Avicel, 15.1 mM on switchgrass). The addition of 40 mM MOPS to the growth medium increases the maximal growth yield of C. bescii by approximately twofold
degradation
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direct conversion of switchgrass to ethanol without conventional pretreatment of the biomass is accomplished by deletion of lactate dehydrogenase and heterologous expression of a Clostridium thermocellum bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Whereas wild-type Caldicellulosiruptor bescii lacks the ability to make ethanol, 70% of the fermentation products in the engineered strain are ethanol (12.8 mM ethanol directly from 2% wt/vol switchgrass) with decreased production of acetate by 38% compared with wild-type
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degradation
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expression of AdhB gene in an ldh deletion mutant of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii leads to ethanol production at 75°C, near the ethanol boiling point. The AdhB expressing strain produces ethanol (1.4 mM on Avicel, 0.4 mM on switchgrass) as well as acetate (13.0 mM on Avicel, 15.7 mM on switchgrass). The addition of 40 mM MOPS to the growth medium increases the maximal growth yield of C. bescii by approximately twofold
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degradation
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expression of AdhB gene in an ldh deletion mutant of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii leads to ethanol production at 75°C, near the ethanol boiling point. The AdhE expressing strain produce ethanol (2.3 mM on Avicel, 1.6 mM on switchgrass) and acetate (12.3 mM on Avicel, 15.1 mM on switchgrass). The addition of 40 mM MOPS to the growth medium increases the maximal growth yield of C. bescii by approximately twofold
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medicine
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isozyme ADH2 is a target for anti-amoebic agents
medicine
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organ simulations indicate that higher therapeutic acetaminophen (0.5 mM) inhibits 16% of allotype ADH1B*1/*1 hepatic ADH activity at 2-20 mM ethanol and that therapeutic salicylate (1.5 mM) inhibits 30-31% of the allotype ADH1B*2/*2 activity, suggesting potential significant inhibitions of ethanol first-pass metabolism in these allelotypes
medicine
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isozyme ADH2 is a target for anti-amoebic agents
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synthesis
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enzyme can be used in preparative scale enantioselective oxidation of sec-alcohol in asymmetric reduction of ketones, using acetone and 2-propanol, respectively, as cosubstrates for cofactor-regeneration via a coupled-substrate approach
synthesis
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production of (3R,5S)-6-benzyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-hexanoic acid ethyl ester, which is a key chiral intermediate for anticholesterol drugs that act by inhibition of hydroxy methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase
synthesis
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production of (4S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3b]thiopyran-7,7dioxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor trusopt. Trusopt is a novel, topically active treatment for glaucoma
synthesis
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production of (S)-1-Phenyl-2-propanol, which is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of amphetamines and as a precursor for anti-hypertensive agents and spasmolytics or anti-epileptics
synthesis
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production of (S)-4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-propanol, which is converted to LY300164, an orally active benzodiazepine
synthesis
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LSADH catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of some ketones with high enantiomeric excesses: phenyl trifluoromethyl ketone to (S)-1-phenyltrifluoroethanol (>99% e.e.), acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% e.e.), and 2-heptanone to (R)-2-heptanol (>99% e.e.) in the presence of 2-propanol without an additional NADH regeneration system. Therefore, it would be a useful biocatalyst
synthesis
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the photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD+ photoreduction by the visible-light photosensitization of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate in the presence of methylviologen, diaphorase, and triethanolamine is developed
synthesis
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alcohol dehydrogenases represent an important group of biocatalysts due to their ability to stereospecifically reduce prochiral carbonyl compounds
synthesis
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alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase Kivd from Lactococcus lactis combined with alcohol dehydrogenase Adh3 from Zymomonas mobilis are the optimum candidates for 3-methyl-1-butanol production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The recombinant strain produces 0.182 g/l of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 0.144 g/l of isobutanol after 12 h of incubation. Further inactivation of the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex gene (aceE) and lactic dehydrogenase gene (ldh) improves the 3-methyl-1-butanol titer to 0.497 g/l after 12 h of incubation
synthesis
construction of a synthetic pathway for bioalcohol production at 70°C by insertion of the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase AdhA into the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. The engineered strain converts glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase AOR and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. The AOR/AdhA pathway also converts exogenously added aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohol using glucose, pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant. By heterologous coexpression of a membrane-bound carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, CO is used as a reductant for converting carboxylic acids to alcohols
synthesis
construction of an enzyme-immobilized bioanode that can operate at high temperatures. The catalytic current for ethanol oxidation at Ru complex-modified electrodes increases at 80°C up to 12fold compared with room temperature
synthesis
deletion of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in ethanol tolerant strain adhE*(EA), carrrying mutation P704L/H734R in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) to redirect carbon flux towards ethanol reults in a strain producing 30% more ethanol than wild type on minimal medium. The engineered strain retains tolerance to 5% v/v ethanol, resulting in an ethanol tolerant platform strain
synthesis
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engineering of a strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum, based on inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase, transaminase B, and additional overexpression of the IlvBNCD genes, encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, and dihydroxyacid dehydratase, for the production of isobutanol from glucose under oxygen deprivation conditions by inactivation of L-lactate and malate dehydrogenases, implementation of ketoacid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and expression of the pntAB transhydrogenase genes from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain produces isobutanol with a substrate-specific yield (YP/S) of 0.60 mol per mol of glucose. Chromosomally encoded alcohol dehydrogenase AdhA rather than the plasmid-encoded ADH2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in isobutanol formation, and overexpression of the corresponding AdhA gene increases the YP/S to 0.77 mol of isobutanol per mol of glucose. Inactivation of the malic enzyme significantly reduces the YP/S, indicating that the metabolic cycle consisting of pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme is responsible for the conversion of NADH + H+ to NADPH + H+. In fed-batch fermentations with an aerobic growth phase and an oxygen-depleted production phase, the most promising strain produces about 175 mM isobutanol, with a volumetric productivity of 4.4 mM per h, and shows an overall YP/S of about 0.48 mol per mol of glucose in the production phase
synthesis
engineering of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce 2-butanol from crude glycerol as a sole carbon source by expressing acetolactate synthase (IlvH), keto-acid reducto-isomerase (IlvC) and dihydroxyacid dehydratase (IlvD) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, and alpha-oxoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA) from Lactococcus lactis. The engineered strain produce 2-butanol (160 mg/l) from crude glycerol. Elimination of the 2,3-butanediol pathway by inactivating alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (Adc) further improves the yield of 2-butanol from 160 to 320 mg/l
synthesis
enhancement of ethanol production capacity of Clostridium thermocellum by transferring pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes of the homoethanol pathway from Zymomonas mobilis. Both transferring pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase are functional in Clostridium thermocellum, but the presence of and alcohol dehydrogenase severely limits the growth of the recombinant strains, irrespective of the presence or absence of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene. The recombinant strain shows two-fold increase in pyruvate carboxylase activity and ethanol production when compared with the wild type strain
synthesis
enzyme catalyses the reduction of alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformate, and methyl o-chlorobenzoylformate with 100% conversion to methyl (S)-mandelate [17% enantiomeric excess (ee)], ethyl (R)-mandelate (50% ee), and methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate (72% ee), respectively, with an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system which involves glucose and a thermophilic glucose dehydrogenase
synthesis
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enzyme catalyzes the following reactions with Prelog specificity: the reduction of acetophenone, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, alpha-tetralone, and alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformates to (S)-1-phenylethanol (>99% enantiomeric excess), (R)-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol (93% enantiomeric excess), (S)-alpha-tetralol (>99% enantiomeric excess), methyl (R)-mandelate (92% enantiomeric excess), and ethyl (R)-mandelate (95% enantiomeric excess), respectively, by way of an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system involving 2-propanol and a second thermophilic ADH
synthesis
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expression of enzyme in auxotrophic Arxula adeninivorans, Hansenula polymorpha, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using yeast ribosomal DNA integrative expression cassettes. Recombinant ADH accumulates intracellularly in all strains tested. The best yields of active enzyme are obtained from A. adeninivorans, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing intermediate amounts. Although Hansenula polymorpha is the least efficient producer overall, the product obtained is most similar to the enzyme synthesized by Rhodococcus ruber 219 with respect to its thermostability
synthesis
expression of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313. Though both enzymes are functional in Clostridium thermocellum, the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase severely limits the growth of the recombinant strains, irrespective of the presence or absence of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene
synthesis
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in order to increase production of isobutanol, 2-oxoacid decarboxylase (KDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance the endogenous activity of the Ehrlich pathway. Overexpression Ilv2, which catalyzes the first step in the valine synthetic pathway, and deletion of the PDC1 gene encoding a major pyruvate decarboxylase alters the abundant ethanol flux via pyruvate. Along with modification of culture conditions, the isobutanol titer is elevated 13fold, from 11 mg/l to 143 mg/l, and the yield is 6.6 mg/g glucose
synthesis
overexpression of the adhB gene results in a significant increase in the ethanol level
synthesis
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protocol for the synthesis of [4R-(2)H]NADH with high yield by enzymatic oxidation of 2-propanol-d(8)
synthesis
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recombinant enzyme activity can be improved by coexpression of archaeal chaperones (i.e., gamma-prefoldin and thermosome). Ricinoleic acid biotransformation activity of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Micrococcus luteus alcohol dehydrogenase and the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase improves significantly with coexpression of gamma-prefoldin or recombinant themosome originating from the deep-sea hyperthermophile archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The degree of enhanced activity is dependent on the expression levels of the chaperones
synthesis
semi-preparative biocatalysis at 60°C using the stabilized mutant C257L, employing butyraldehyde for in situ cofactor regeneration with only catalytic amounts of NAD+, yields up to 23% conversion of omega-hydroxy lauric acid methyl ester to omega-oxo lauric acid methyl ester after 30 min
synthesis
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simplified production scheme for isobutanol based on a cell-free immobilized enzyme system. Immobilized enzymes keto-acid decarboxylase (KdcA) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plus formate dehydrogenase (FDH) for NADH recycle in solution produce isobutanol titers 8 to 20 times higher than the highest reported titers with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a mol/mol basis. Conversion rates and low protein leaching are achieved by covalent immobilization on methacrylate resin. The enzyme system without in situ removal of isobutanol achieves a 55% conversion of ketoisovaleric acid to isobutanol at a concentration of 0.135 mol isobutanol produced for each mol ketoisovaleric acid consumed
synthesis
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synthesis of the cinnamyl alcohol by means of enzymatic reduction of cinnamaldehyde using alcohol both as an isolated enzyme, and in recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells in an efficient and sustainable one-phase system. The reduction of cinnamaldehyde (0.5 g/l, 3.8 mmol/l) by the isolated enzyme occurrs in 3 h at 50°C with 97% conversion, and yields high purity cinnamyl alcohol (98%) with a yield of 88% and a productivity of 50 g/g enzyme. The reduction of 12.5 g/l (94 mmol/l) cinnamaldehyde by whole cells in 6 h, at 37°C and no requirement of external cofactor occurrs with 97% conversion, 82% yield of 98% pure alcohol and a productivity of 34 mg/g wet cell weight
synthesis
synthetic pathway for n-butanol production from acetyl coenzyme at 70°C, using beta-ketothiolase Thl, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Hbd, and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase Crt from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis, trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase Ter from Spirochaeta thermophila and bifunctional aldehyde dehydrogenase AdhE and and butanol dehydrogenase in vitro. n-Butanol is produced at 70°C, but with different amounts of ethanol as a coproduct, because of the broad substrate specificities of AdhE, Bad, and Bdh. A reaction kinetics model, validated via comparison to in vitro experiments, is used to determine relative enzyme ratios needed to maximize n-butanol production. By using large relative amounts of Thl and Hbd and small amounts of Bad and Bdh, >70% conversion to n-butanol is observed in vitro, but with a 60% decrease in the predicted pathway flux
synthesis
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yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with its cofactor NAD+ can be stably encapsulated in liposomes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The liposomes are 100 nm in mean diameter, the liposomal ADH and NAD+ concentrations are 2.3 mg/ml and 3.9 mM, respectively. Free ADH is increasingly deactivated during its incubation at 45°C for 2 h with decrease of the enzyme concentration from 3.3 to 0.01 mg/ml because of the dissociation of tetrameric ADH into its subunits. Both liposomal enzyme systems, in presence and absence of NAD+, show stabilities at both 45 and 50°C much higher than those of the free enzyme systems, implying that the liposome membranes stabilize the enzyme tertiary and quaternary structures. The enzyme activity of the liposomes in presence of NAD+ show a stability higher than that in absence of NAD+ with a more remarkable effect of NAD+ at 50°C than at 45°C
synthesis
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immobilization of enzyme on metal-derivatized epoxy Sepabeads. The highest immobilization efficiency (100%) and retention activity (60%) are achieved after 48 h of incubation of the enzyme with Niepoxy Sepabeads support in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8, containing 3 M KCl at 5°C. A significant increase in the stability of the immobilized enzyme is achieved by blocking the unreacted epoxy groups with ethylamine. The immobilization process increases the enzyme stability, thermal activity, and organic solvents. One step purification-immobilization can be carried out on metal chelate-epoxy Sepabeads
synthesis
under optimized conditions, the enzyme produces 600 mg all-trans-retinol per l after 3 h, with a conversion yield of 27.3% (w/w) and a productivity of 200 mg per l and h
synthesis
the alcohol dehydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus is a very robust enzyme in some organic solvents. From a synthetic point of view, this property is particularly important and useful for the reduction of ketones with a low solubility in aqueous buffers
synthesis
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development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Acetobacter aceti catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Aminobacter aminovorans slightly catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
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development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Gluconobacter diazotrophicus slightly catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Komagataeibacter medellinensis catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Komagataeibacter xylinus catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The enzyme from Acetobacter senegalensis catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
synthesis
horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) together with the NADH oxidase from Streptococcus mutans (SmNOX) are applied for the oxidative lactamization of various amino alcohols, direct synthesis of lactams (5-, 6-, and 7-membered) starting from amino-alcohols in a bienzymatic cascade. A direct approach for biocatalytic oxidative lactamization reaction. In situ regeneration of NAD+ with SmNOX in the HLADH-catalyzed oxidative lactamization of 4-amino-1-butanol to gamma-butyrolactam. The bienzymatic reaction cascade exhibits an optimum between pH 8 and pH 10, which can be attributed to the rather narrow pH range of SmNOX compared to that of HLADH. The fast reoxidation of NADH eliminated inhibitory effects of NADH on the HLADH-catalyzed oxidation
synthesis
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development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme from Komagataeibacter medellinensis catalyzes the formation of (S)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol lowering drugs like lipitor), slagenins B, slagenins C, and 1,4-dihydropyridine type beta-blockers
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synthesis
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deletion of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in ethanol tolerant strain adhE*(EA), carrrying mutation P704L/H734R in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) to redirect carbon flux towards ethanol reults in a strain producing 30% more ethanol than wild type on minimal medium. The engineered strain retains tolerance to 5% v/v ethanol, resulting in an ethanol tolerant platform strain
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synthesis
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enzyme catalyzes the following reactions with Prelog specificity: the reduction of acetophenone, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, alpha-tetralone, and alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformates to (S)-1-phenylethanol (>99% enantiomeric excess), (R)-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol (93% enantiomeric excess), (S)-alpha-tetralol (>99% enantiomeric excess), methyl (R)-mandelate (92% enantiomeric excess), and ethyl (R)-mandelate (95% enantiomeric excess), respectively, by way of an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system involving 2-propanol and a second thermophilic ADH
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synthesis
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enzyme catalyses the reduction of alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformate, and methyl o-chlorobenzoylformate with 100% conversion to methyl (S)-mandelate [17% enantiomeric excess (ee)], ethyl (R)-mandelate (50% ee), and methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate (72% ee), respectively, with an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system which involves glucose and a thermophilic glucose dehydrogenase
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synthesis
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engineering of a strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum, based on inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase, transaminase B, and additional overexpression of the IlvBNCD genes, encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, and dihydroxyacid dehydratase, for the production of isobutanol from glucose under oxygen deprivation conditions by inactivation of L-lactate and malate dehydrogenases, implementation of ketoacid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and expression of the pntAB transhydrogenase genes from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain produces isobutanol with a substrate-specific yield (YP/S) of 0.60 mol per mol of glucose. Chromosomally encoded alcohol dehydrogenase AdhA rather than the plasmid-encoded ADH2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in isobutanol formation, and overexpression of the corresponding AdhA gene increases the YP/S to 0.77 mol of isobutanol per mol of glucose. Inactivation of the malic enzyme significantly reduces the YP/S, indicating that the metabolic cycle consisting of pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme is responsible for the conversion of NADH + H+ to NADPH + H+. In fed-batch fermentations with an aerobic growth phase and an oxygen-depleted production phase, the most promising strain produces about 175 mM isobutanol, with a volumetric productivity of 4.4 mM per h, and shows an overall YP/S of about 0.48 mol per mol of glucose in the production phase
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synthesis
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alcohol dehydrogenases represent an important group of biocatalysts due to their ability to stereospecifically reduce prochiral carbonyl compounds
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synthesis
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expression of enzyme in auxotrophic Arxula adeninivorans, Hansenula polymorpha, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using yeast ribosomal DNA integrative expression cassettes. Recombinant ADH accumulates intracellularly in all strains tested. The best yields of active enzyme are obtained from A. adeninivorans, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing intermediate amounts. Although Hansenula polymorpha is the least efficient producer overall, the product obtained is most similar to the enzyme synthesized by Rhodococcus ruber 219 with respect to its thermostability
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synthesis
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construction of an enzyme-immobilized bioanode that can operate at high temperatures. The catalytic current for ethanol oxidation at Ru complex-modified electrodes increases at 80°C up to 12fold compared with room temperature
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synthesis
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engineering of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce 2-butanol from crude glycerol as a sole carbon source by expressing acetolactate synthase (IlvH), keto-acid reducto-isomerase (IlvC) and dihydroxyacid dehydratase (IlvD) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, and alpha-oxoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA) from Lactococcus lactis. The engineered strain produce 2-butanol (160 mg/l) from crude glycerol. Elimination of the 2,3-butanediol pathway by inactivating alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (Adc) further improves the yield of 2-butanol from 160 to 320 mg/l
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synthesis
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enhancement of ethanol production capacity of Clostridium thermocellum by transferring pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes of the homoethanol pathway from Zymomonas mobilis. Both transferring pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase are functional in Clostridium thermocellum, but the presence of and alcohol dehydrogenase severely limits the growth of the recombinant strains, irrespective of the presence or absence of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene. The recombinant strain shows two-fold increase in pyruvate carboxylase activity and ethanol production when compared with the wild type strain
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synthesis
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expression of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313. Though both enzymes are functional in Clostridium thermocellum, the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase severely limits the growth of the recombinant strains, irrespective of the presence or absence of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene
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synthesis
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enzyme can be used in preparative scale enantioselective oxidation of sec-alcohol in asymmetric reduction of ketones, using acetone and 2-propanol, respectively, as cosubstrates for cofactor-regeneration via a coupled-substrate approach
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synthesis
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LSADH catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of some ketones with high enantiomeric excesses: phenyl trifluoromethyl ketone to (S)-1-phenyltrifluoroethanol (>99% e.e.), acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% e.e.), and 2-heptanone to (R)-2-heptanol (>99% e.e.) in the presence of 2-propanol without an additional NADH regeneration system. Therefore, it would be a useful biocatalyst
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synthesis
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alcohol dehydrogenases represent an important group of biocatalysts due to their ability to stereospecifically reduce prochiral carbonyl compounds
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synthesis
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expression of enzyme in auxotrophic Arxula adeninivorans, Hansenula polymorpha, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using yeast ribosomal DNA integrative expression cassettes. Recombinant ADH accumulates intracellularly in all strains tested. The best yields of active enzyme are obtained from A. adeninivorans, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing intermediate amounts. Although Hansenula polymorpha is the least efficient producer overall, the product obtained is most similar to the enzyme synthesized by Rhodococcus ruber 219 with respect to its thermostability
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synthesis
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overexpression of the adhB gene results in a significant increase in the ethanol level
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